urai (p. 65) s. Utterance, speaking, speech, பேச்சு. 2. A word, an expression, a sentence, a declaration, a saying, மொழி. 3. Explanation, interpretation, commentary, exposition, gloss, verbal renderings, &c., வியாக்கியானம். 4. Gold, பொன். 5. [in native lexicons.] The words for which synonymes of meanings are given, also the generic term of which the species are given, சொற்பயன். 6. Sound, ஒலி. 7. Eminence, உயர்ச்சி. 8. The written word, sacred writings, holy writ, as one of the three means of attaining knowledge, வேத மொழி; several kinds of உரை, or modes of explanation are given by Tamil Grammarians. The author of காரிகை has given four, viz.: 1. கருத்துரை, the main sentiment or scope of the text explained, also called தாற்பரியவுரை. 2. பதவுரை, verbal explanation, or interpretation, word by word, or clause by clause, also called கண்ணழிவுரை. 3. பொழிப்புரை, the substance of the text omitting rhetorical ornament, and adjuncts, or a free rendering of the text without interruption, also called பொழிப்புத் திரட்டுரை and பிண்டவுரை. --Note. The latter is the same as பதவுரை would be without the words of the text interspersed. 4. விரித்துரை, explanation at large, comment or exposition with proofs, illustrations, &c., also called அலகவுரை and விரியுரை; any of the preceding three, or any other kind of explanation may be included in this last. According to நன்னூல், உரை is divided into tow general classes, viz.: காண்டிகையுரை and விருத்தியுரை. 1. காண்டிகையுரை, brief exposition, or explanation of the text embracing five sub-divisions. (a) கருத்துரை, the scope of the text. (b) பதப்பொருள், verbal rendering being either as பதவுரை or as the scope and definition of பொழிப்புரை, given above, (c) உதாரணம், example for illustration. (d) வினா, anticipating objections, (lit.) proposing questions. (e) விடை, answering such objections or questions as may possibly occur. 2. விருத்தியுரை, copious or complete explanation embracing fourteen sub-divisions. 1. பாடம், giving the text or verse to be explained with different readings and choice exposition. 2. கருத்துரை, the general scope, or import of the text, as in காண்டிகை. 3. சொல்வகை, giving the parts of speech, or showing the grammatical connection when necessary to clear away obscurities. 4. சொ ற்பொருள், giving equivalent, literal words, or clauses as பதப்பொருள், in காண்டிகை, verbal renderings, &c. 5. தொகுத்துரை, a free rendering of the text as பொழிப்புரை, above. 6. உதாரணம், illustration by examples, as above. 7. வினா, anticipating objections, or raising questions as before. 8. விடை, answering such objections or giving reasons in support of the statements in the text. 9. விசேடம், special explanation, particular remarks. 1. விரிவு, supplying ellipses as of cases or otherwise. 11. அதிகாரம், determining the meaning of doubtful terms by reference to the subjects under discussion, as belonging to such a head, &c., or according to another exposition pointing out the beginning and ending of the discussion of the different subjects respectively, the opinions of different commentators. 12. துணிவு, deciding the meaning of terms concerning which there may be diversity of opinion. 13. பயன், inference, applications or recapitulation to show what is to be learnt by the text. 14. ஆசிரியவசனம், quotations, or textuary proofs from other authors. (p.) உரைகட்ட, inf. To comment on a work. உரைகாரன், s. A commentator, expositor, உரையாசிரியன். உரைக்கோள், s. The construction given by the commentator to the text, உரைகாரன்கருத்து. உரைசெய்ய, inf. To speak, declare, பேச. To make a commentary, வியாக்கியானம்பண்ண. உரைநூல், s. A work on which a commentary has been written, உரைபெற் றநூல். உரைபாடம்--உரையேடு, s. A work with its commentary. உரையாசிரியன், s. [used honorifically] A commentator, உரைகாரன். உரையாட, inf. To say, speak, tell, சொல்ல. 2. To converse, dispute, பேச. (p.) என்றுரையாடி நெடுங்கடல்வண்ணனெழுந்தருள. Having said thus, Vishnu who wears the color of the broad sea condescended to start--(பார.) உரையாயிருக்க, inf. To be in prose. உரையிலக்கணம், s. Rules for making commentaries. There are five according to சதுரகராதி, viz.: 1. பதம். 2. பதப்பொருள். 3. வாக்கியம். 4. வினா. 5. விடை. உரையிற்கோடல், v. noun. Additions to a text by a commentator--one of the உத்தி. உரையெழுத, inf. To write a commentary. உரைவன்மை, s. Eloquence, oratorical power, சாதுரியப்பேச்சு. 2. Forcible language that cannot be controverted, சொற்றிட்பம். உரைவாசகம், s. Prose composition, discourse, language. பாட்டுமுரையும், s. A poem with commentary. திருவள்ளுவருரை, s. The explanation of Tiruvalluvar's book. 58)

kruttu (p. 96) s. object, design, intention, purpose, motive, எண்ணம். 2. Wish, desire, inclination, விருப்பம். 3. Meaning, import, sense, signification, scope, matter, purport, தாற்பரியம். 4. Opinion, judgment, thought, notion, idea, sentiment, doctrine, அபிப்பிராயம். 5. Supposition, conjecture, imagination, சித்தம். 7. Consideration, attention, சிந்தனை, 8. Genius, ingenuity, penetration, discrimination, விவேகம். 9. Intentness, mental application, கவனம். கருத்தாய்க்கேள். Listen attentively. கருத்தோடுபார்த்தால்நீயதைக்கண்டுபிடிப்பாய். You will find it if you look for it carefully. சாப்பாட்டிலேகருத்தில்லை. I have no inclination for food. கருத்தறிய, inf. To know one's design, intention, &c., உட்கருத்தைத்தெரிய. கருத்தாளி, s. A person of genius, Judgement, discrimination, acumen, penetration, discernment, புத்திசாலி. கருத்தானபாட்டு, s. A poem abstruse and full of meaning. கருத்துக்கொள்ள, inf. To have a mind for a thing--as for labor, food, learning, &c., to be inclined to. கருத்துப்பிசகு, s. A wrong construction, or erroneous interpretation. கருத்துப்பிரிய, inf. To occur to the mind--as a good idea, plan, &c. 2. to be understood, comprehended, &c.--as an idea. கருத்துப்பொருள், s. Mental objects as opposed to காட்சிப்பொருள்--an object of sense. கருத்துரை, s. A commentary giving the scope of the text, பொழிப்புரை. கருத்துரைக்க, inf. To give the scope or substance of the text as a commentator, &c. கருத்துவெளிப்படுத்த, inf. To disclose one's intention, to make known one's opinion, &c. கருத்தெடுக்க, inf. To devise, invent a scheme, lay a project, discover the sense of a passage, to find out a meaning, கருத்தைக்காண. கருத்தொட்ட, inf. To consture a difficult, passage, to put a construction on a passage, 2. To construe by supplying what is wanting. 3. To wrest or distort an author's meaning. 4. To meditate (as on the Deity), to apply the mind closely. வஞ்சகக்கருத்து, s. A deceitful design, treachery. கவிக்கருத்து, s. An author's meaning. 2. The meaning of a poem. கள்ளக்கருத்து, s. A sly purpose, a sinister view, cunning, dissimulation. நூற்கருத்து, s. The meaning of a book, rule, passage, &c. 2. The opinion of an author as given in his writing. 146) *

pāyiram (p. 311) s. Preface, introduction, preamble, prologue, முகவுரை. 2. Synopsis, compend, syllabus, பொழிப்புரை. (ஸ்காந்.) 3. [fig.] Origin, history, account, வரலாறு. Preface is of two kinds. -- I. பொதுப்பாயிரம். a general preface, of which there are five particulars: நூற்றிறன், the properties and characteristics of classical writing; 2. நூவல்வோன்திறன், the character of the teacher, and his ability and aptitude to teach; 3. நுவலுந்திறன், the mode of teaching, system of imparting education; 4. கொள்வோன்றிறன், the qualifications of the student; 5. கோடற்றிறன், the method of pursuing his studies. II. சிறப்புப்பாயிரம், a preface relating only to the book to which it is prefixed; in which are eleven particulars--ஆக்கியோன்பெயர், the name of the author; 2. வழி, the origin of the work; 3. எல்லை, the country wherein it is used; 4. நூற்பெயர், the name of the book; 5. யாப்பு, its merit, and the position it holds in the list of works; 6.நுதலியபொருள், the subjects treated; 7. கேட்போர், students fit to study it; 8. பயன், advantages to the learner; 9. காலம், the time when it was written; 1. களம், the assembly who sanctioned it; 11. காரணம், the motive which led to its being published. செறுமனத்தார்பாயிரங்கூறி. Enemies, boasting of their origin. 60)

piṇṭam (p. 315) s. Any thing globular, a roundish lump or mass, a ball, a globe, உண்டை. 2. Embryo; f&oe;tus, கருப்பிண்டம். 3. The body, உடல். 4. A roundish lump of food, considered as a mouthful, கவளம். 5. Boiled rice, சோறு. 6. Boiled rice in lumps for the manes, பிதிர்கட்கிடும்பிண்டம். 7. Boiled rice as given in charity to religious mendicants, பிச்சை. (c.) 8. The etymon, radix or indivisible part of a word, மூலபதம். 9. Concrete form or state, undistinguished by parts, undeveloped, தொகுப்பு. 1. Collection, multitude, கூட்டம். W. p. 534. PIN'DA. பிண்டமும்துண்டமுங்கொடுத்தான். He gave a morsel of food and piece of cloth; as what, in language of ascetics, the body requires. பிண்டகருமம்--பிண்டகிரியை, s. The ceremony of offering rice for deceased ancestors. பிண்டகன், appel. n. One who offers an oblation of rice for a deceased ancestor, பிண்டமிடுவோன். பிண்டக்கரு, s. The f&oe;tus. பிண்டக்காப்பு, s. Boiled rice, as பிண் டம். (colloq.) பிண்டச்சூத்திரம், s. An introduction which lays open a subject. See சூத்திரம். பிண்டதானம்--பிண்டப்பிரதானம், s. Presenting balls of rice, cakes, &c., to the manes. See சிரார்த்தம். பிண்டப்புறனடை, s. Abstract remarks or notes in an author's work, connected with the subject in hand, or with others. பிண்டப்பொருள், s. The substance or free rendering of a verse, &c. 2. Any thing in mass, as a heap of paddy, &c. பிண்டம்பிடிக்க, inf. To form any thing into a globular shape. 2. To create--as the Deity. பிண்டம்போட, inf. To set a ball of rice for each of the manes, in the shraddha or funeral ceremony, also பிண்டம்வைக்க; 2. [in cant.] To eat. பிண்டம்விழுதல், appel. n. Miscarriage or abortion. பிண்டம்வெளிப்படல், s. Appearing of the f&oe;tus at birth. பிண்டவுரை, s. A comment giving the substance of a text, in a free but concise manner, without ornament. See பொழிப்புரை in உரை. பிண்டாண்டம், s. [com. அண்டபிண் டம்.] The body and universe. பிண்டாண்டப்பேரொளி. The great light that illumines both the body and the universe, God. முத்திராப்பிண்டம், s. An immature f&oe;tus, இளஞ்சூல். 29)

poẕippu (p. 337) s. Epitome, abstract, outline, syllabus, சுருக்கம். 2. Summary of the meaning, as பொழிப்புரை. 3. Clew, short direction, குறிப்பு. 4. Inference from appearances or circumstances; or the circumstances themselves, அனுமானம். 5. [in poetry.] One of the eight varieties in the five classes of rhyme. See தொடை. பொழிப்புக்காட்ட, inf. To give a hint on the subject. 2. To give the sum of a matter. பொழிப்புத்திரட்ட, inf. [v. noun. பொ ழிப்புத்திரட்டு.] To give a commentary, paraphrase or interpretation of a work. பொழிப்புப்பொழிப்பாய்ப்பேச, inf. To use sarcasm; to give a brief outline. பொழிப்புரை, s. [also பிண்டவுரை.] The substance of a text, a free rendering of a passage, or work. 68)