ē (p. 76) . One of the seven long vowels, நெட்டுயிரிலொன்று. 2. An arrow, அம்பு. 3. A particle of emphasis, &c., இடைச்சொல். In நன்னூல், it is said to have six different uses: 1. பிரிநிலை, a distinguishing particle-as அவனேசொன்னான், it was he who said it. In some cases, it would be used for self or selves in the plural where the connection demanded it--as he himself said it. 2. வினா, interrogative: அவனேகொண் டான், was it he that bought it? 3. எண், enumeration or copulative--as சாத்தனே கொற்றனே இருவரும்வந்தார், Sattan and Kottan both came; கடலே, கரையே, மரமே, மலரே, வளையே, இவ்வைந்து, the sea, the land, the tree, the flower, the conch, these five. 4. ஈற்றசை or அசைநிலை, a terminate expletive --as மல்லலோங்கெழில்யானைமருமம்பாய்ந்தொளித்த தே, (the weapon) lodged itself in the breast of the beautiful and powerful elephant. 5. தேற்றம், certainty, confidence, appeal, emphasis--as இதுள்ளதே, this is really true; முயற்குக்கோடில்லையே, the hare has no horns. 6. இசைநிறை, a poetic expletive for completing the metre--as ஏஏ இவ ளொருத்திபேடி, she is a hermaphrodite; பேடியோவென்றாரே, he said, is she an hermaphrodite? To these the commentator adds 7. எதிர்மறை, negative as implied by the tones and inflections of the speaker rather than expressed by the particle--as அவன்வந்தானே, he came, did he? implying he did not come. Another may also be given. 8. இகழ்ச்சி, an interjection of contempt--as எஏ--வைத்தியகாரா, oh, oh, (or fie, fie), thou stupid fellow. (p.) 5) *

kiḷr (p. 112) கிறேன், ந்தேன், வேன், கிளர, v. n. To rise, to ascend, to emerge, to rise to the surface or above the level, &c., மேலெழும்ப. 2. To grow up, to increase, to grow higher; to shoot out, மேலோங்க. 3. To be intense, copious, abundant, அதிகரிக்க. (p.) 4. To become vain, conceited, foppish, இருமாப்புக்் கொள்ள. 5. To be filled, to become full, satiate, complete, நிறைய. 6. To shine, glare, பிரகாசிக்க. 7. To be exalted, elevated, great, dignified, சிறக்க. கடல்கிளர்ந்தது. The sea became boisterous. குரல்கிளர்ந்தது. The voice rose higher, or became louder. நிறங்கிளர்ந்தது. The color was conspicuous, glaring. படைகிளர்ந்தது. The army is ready for an expedition. கிளர்ச்சி, v. noun. Rising, ascent, மே லோங்குகை. 2. Growth, increase, விருத்தி. 3. Excitement, animation, உள்ளக்கிளர்ச்சி. 4. Fullness, satiety, நிறைவு. 5. Conceit, vanity, இறுமாப்பு. கிளர்வு, v. noun. Rising, ascent, எழுச்சி. 2. Growth, increase, பெருக்கம். 3. Excitement, உள்ளக்கிளர்ச்சி. 2)

kīẕ (p. 113) s. Place or space, under, below, beneath, downward, low or nether; the bottom, கீழிடம். 2. The east, கிழக்கு. 3. A pit, a hole, பள்ளம். 4. The nether regions, the worlds below, கீழுலகம். 5. Forgetfulness, மறதி. 6. Bridle, reins, bit, கடிவாளம். 7. A low caste, கீழ்மக்கள். (p.) கீணர், s. [கீழ்நர்.] Low, mean people, the base, the vulgar, எளியோர். கீழது, s. That which is under or below; bottom. கீழதுமேலதாக்கிப்போட, inf. To overturn, upset, capsize; to overthrow, to defeat. கீழறுக்க, inf. To burrow, to excavate, to make a subterranean passage, to undermine, பூமியிற் சுரங்கஞ்செய்ய. 2. (fig.) To undermine, to injure by any underhand, clandestine means, சதிசெய்ய. கீழறை, s. An under-ground room, a cellar, நிலவறை. 2. A cavern, a cell, a hole or passage under ground, வளை. கீழாக, inf. To become depressed, to sink--as a stalk, a heap of muck, &c.; to deteriorate, to waste--as the body by use or disease; or as property, &c., தாழ் வடைய. கீழாக--கீழாய s. Under, below, beneath. கீழாயிருக்க, inf. To be below, to be mean, to be inferior. கீழாலவத்தை, s. 'Descending states of the soul.' State and degree of consciousness, commencing with objective sensations and descending to subjective feeling and contemplation, the mind receding farther and farther from objective impressions and associations. Hindu physiologists fancy that the mind descends from its seat in the forehead to its other seats, the neck, breast, umbilicus and terminus rectum. (தத்துவக். சிவ. சி.) கீழிருக்க, inf. To lie under, to be under one's dominion or control. கீழாறு, s. A river under ground, பூமி யினுள்ளோடுமாறு. 2. A river in the Congu country, கொங்குதேசத்தாறு. கீழாறுகொண்டுபோயிற்று. The under ground river has carried it away--said of things lost without knowing how. கீழுக்குப்போக, inf. To be diminishes, to be reduced. அவன்புத்தியுங்கல்வியும்வரவரக்கீழுக்குப்போகி றது. His understanding and knowledge are more and more diminishing. கீழோங்கி, s. [prov.] An inferior class or fishermen--as distinguished from மே லோங்கி, a higher rank. கீழ்நோக்க, inf. To look downward, to tend downward, கீழ்ப்பார்க்க. 2. To be sensual, grovelling, to tend toward secularities, இழிவானதைவிரும்ப. 3. To be on the decline--as to wealth, &c.; to go to ruin, to come to naught, தாழ்வடைய. கீழ்நோக்கித்திட்ட--கீழ்நோக்கியேச inf. To use obscene language, to assail with very indecent speech. கீழ்நோக்கு--கீழ்நோக்கம் v. noun. Looking downward, downward tendency, கீழ்ப்பார்வை. 2. Low or grovelling pursuits, a base inclination; underhand, clandestine purpose. கீழ்மேலாக, adv. Upside down. கீழ்ப்பட, inf. To be subdued, to yield, to be submissive, to become inferior, கீழ்ப்படிய. 2. To be subject, to be subordinate, to submit to, அடங்க. 3. To be degraded, mean, base, இழிவுபட. கீழ்ப்படிய--கீழ்ப்பணிய inf. To submit, to yield, to obey. கீழ்ப்படியாத்தனம்--கீழ்ப்படியாமை, s. Disobedience, insubordination. கீழ்ப்படிவு, v. noun. Submission, obedience, subordination, subjection, கீழ்ப்ப ணிவு. 2. Docility, tractableness, அமைவு. கீழ்ப்படுத்த--கீழ்ப்படியப்பண்ண, inf. To subdue, to subject, to subordinate, to subjugate, to quell, அடக்க. 2. To lower, to bring down, to reduce, தாழ்வுபடு த்த. 3. To degrade, ஈனப்படுத்த. கீழ்நோக்கினநட்சத்திரம், s. [in astro.] A lunar mansion looking downward-opposed to மேனோக்கினநட்சத்திரம். They are twelve in number. (உள்ளமு.) கீழ்நோக்கினராசி, s. [in astrol.] A zodiacal sign which looks downward.-Note. These signs, as well as the கீழ்நோக் கினநட்சத்திரம், are favorable for planting esculent roots and digging wells. கீழ்மேற்றென்வடல், s. The east, west, north and south. 42)