a (p. 1) The first letter of the Tamil alphabet, முதலெழுத்து. 2. A demonstrative prefix, சுட்டெழுத்து, as, அக்கொற்றன் for அந்தக்கொற்றன். 3. Termination of the neuter plural of verbs, அஃறிணைப்பன்மைவிகுதி, as, வந்தன. 4. A sign of the 6th case followed by plural nouns, as, தனகைகள். 5. An interposed vowel, சாரியை, as in எனக்கு. 6. Sign of the number 8. எட் டென்னும் எண்ணின்குறி. 7. A vowel affix to every consonant not a mute, மெய்யெழுத்துக் களையியக்கும் சாரியை. 8. A privative prefix from the Sanscrit, as, ஞானம், அஞ்ஞானம். 2)

akattiyaṉ (p. 2) --அகஸ்தியன், s. A poet and sage celebrated in the Ramayanam, Skandam and other works of antiquity. He is regarded as the former of the Tamil language which he is said to have learned of Skanda the son of Siva. He is also the reputed author of several works, still extant, in whole or in part, in the Tamil language; such as, a Grammar, Materia Medica, a work on Astrology, Astronomy, and several essays on the unity of the divine being, as opposed to the popular system of polytheism, &c. He is regarded as the son of both Mythra and Varuna by Urvasi; is represented to be of very short stature, and to have been born in a water jar. He is famed for having compressed and swallowed the ocean, for the sake of the celestials. Other wonderful stories are also told of him, and received with undoubted credence. He is considered as the regent of the star Canopus, குறுமுனி. Wils. p. 5. AGASTYA. அகத்தியர்குழம்பு, s. A famous compound cathartic. See குழம்பு. 6)

akppāṭṭuṟuppu (p. 2) s. The twelve members of அகப்பொருள் or அகத்திணை, viz. 1. இயல்பகத்திணை. Method of defining a thing or showing its nature, quality, &c. 2. வகையகத்திணை. Amplification, or detailing at large what has been said briefly. 3. பொதுவகத்திணை. The rule for summing up or recapitulating. 4. சிறப்பகத்திணை. The rule for discriminating, or explaining the difference of things. 5. உவமவகத்திணை. The rule for illustrating a subject by metaphors, comparisons, &c. 6. புறநிலையகத்திணை. The rule for exemplifying a subject by examples. 7. எதிர்நிலையகத்திணை. The rule for elucidating a circumstance by its opposite. 8. காரண or கருவியகத்திணை. Showing the condition or quality of a thing by its orginal cause. 9. காரியவகத்திணை. Proving a thing by its effects. 1. காரகவகத்திணை. The rule for relating an action, event, &c., to which belong the following:-- 1. செய்பவன், who. 2. செய்தொழில், what. 3. கருவிகள், by what helps. 4. பயன், why. 5. இடம் or நிலம், where. 6. காலம், when. 7. திறன், in what manner or how. 11. முன்னவையகத்திணை. The rule for foretelling events from signs. 12. பின்னவையகத்திணை. The rule for foretelling the consequences of any action. (p.) 17)

akpporuḷ (p. 2) s. [ex. அகம், mind, et பொருள்.] Rules for amatory poems, அ கப்பொருள்விதி. 2. Rules for reasoning, தர்க் கவிதி. 3. mental enjoyments in love, இன் பம். 4. A book treating of mental delectation, ஓரிலக்கணம். அகப்பொருள் is developed in these three constituents, viz., 1. முதற்பொருள், primary arrangements of nature with regard to (a) நிலம், soil, in five varieties, and (b) பொழுது, time in two grand divisions. 2. கருப்பொருள், natural peculiarities incidental to each of the divisions of the soil under 14 heads viz., (a) ஆரணங்கு, peculiar gods belonging to a place, tutelary deities or penates, (b) உயர்ந் தோர், chiefs or lords of the district, (c) இழிந்தோர், subjects or inhabitants under them, (d) புள், birds, (e) விலங்கு, beasts, (f) ஊர், city or town, (g) நீர், water, (h) பூ, flowers, (i) மரம். trees, (j) உணா, food, (k) பறை, drum, (l) யாழ், musical instruments, (m) பண், tune, and (n) தொழில், occupation, trade or mode of earning a livelihood. 3. உரிப்பொருள், essential characteristics of lovers. The subject matter of this treatise, to which the two former are auxiliary or conducive, is developed in five dispositions or actions, either mental or coporal, viz., (a) புணர்தல், union or the state in which husbands and wives are together in their family, (b) பிரிதல், separation when for lawful purposes, (c) இருத்தல், the state in which they continue solitary, especially the bride, (d) ஊடல், love quarrels, (e) இ ரங்கல், weeping and lamentation in any period of their life for any cause. These five characteristics are respectively ascribed to the above five species of soil, as appropriately adapted to their nature, as புணர்தல் to குறிஞ்சி, பிரிதல் to பாலை, இருத்தல் to முல்லை, ஊடல் to மருதம், and இரங்கல் to நெய்தல். இந் த ஐந்து ஒழுக்கத்தையுங்குறித்துப் பாடும்பொழுது அத தற்குக்குறித்த திணையிலுள்ள கருப்பொருள்களையெடுத் துப் பாடுதன்முறையாம். (p.) அகப்பொருட்கோவை, s. A poem which treats of அகப்பொருள். 22) *

akilam (p. 3) s. [priv. அ et கிலம், separated.] All, the whole, எல்லாம். Wils. p. 5. AKHILA. 2. The earth, பூமி. (p.) அகிலரூபன், s. Equivalent to எல் லாமானோன், he who is of every form, he who is all. 12)

akōram (p. 3) s. Fierceness, severity, fervency, formidableness, கொடுமை. (c.) 2. One of the five faces of Siva-that to the south, சிவன் ஐம்முகத்தொன்று. (p.) அகோரதபசி விபரீதசோரன், one who performs severe penance is a great rogue. 29) *

akōrai (p. 3) s. An astrological division of the day into sections of one hour, or two and a half nalikies each, in which the seven planets reign successively, succeeding each other once in every cycle of seven hours. The order of succession is as follows, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. From this it follows as a matter of course, that the planet which gives name to the day commences its reign at sun-rise, ஓரையினுட்பிரிவு. 31)

akkurṉ (p. 4) s. One of the seven of the 2d class of alms-giving princes, இடை யேழுவள்ளலிலொருவன். (p.) 24)

angkam (p. 5) s. A limb, member, part or organ of the body, அவயவம். 2. Body, உடல். 3. Mark, sign, அடையாளம். 4. Skeleton, எலும்புக்கூடு. 5. Symmetry, well formed human or other shape as of letters, &c., as பாவனை. 6. (p.) A division of learning comprehending such science as is considered dependent on the Vedas; hence called வே தாங்கம், சாங்கம், உபாங்கம் and பிரத்தியாங்கம். 7. A country, ஓர்தேயம். 8. A language, ஓர்பா ஷை. 9. A bedstead, கட்டில். Wils, p. 9. and 1. ANGA. அங்கசன், s. Kama, The Indian Cupid, மன்மதன்; ex ஜ, to be born. (p.) அங்கசாதனம், s. A sign, mark. (c.) 2. The signs of the stars, &c., at one's birth. அங்கசாதனம்பிடித்தல். Finding out any thing by signs or circumstances fixing suspicion upon one. அங்கசேட்டை--அங்கசேஷ்டை, s. Distortion of the countenance from habit, grimace; ex சேஷ்டை, gesture. அங்கநியாசம், s. A mental appropriation or the assignment of various parts of the body to tutelary divinities, by touching the several parts, and applying sacred ashes, accompanied with incantations, according to the usual mode of Hindu worship; ex. நியாஸ, arrangement. (p.) அங்கபடி--அங்கவடி, s. Stirrup, குதிரையங்கபடி. (c.) அங்கப்பிரதக்கணம்--அங்கப்பிரதட் சிணம், s. A mode of worship by rolling round a temple after a car, &c., turning to the right, in performance of a vow, &c.; (c.) ex பிர, before, et தட்சிணம், right. அங்கப்பிராயச்சித்தம், s. Expiation for bodily impurity, especially the oblation offered by the heir at the first funeral obsequies to remove the impurity contracted during the period of mourning. (c.) அங்கமாலை, s. A பிரபந்தம் or poem describing the principal members of the body, such as the eye, face, breasts, &c., in the female, and shoulders, arms, breast, &c., in the male. The order of description must be from the feet to the hair of the head, or from the head to the feet. (p.) அங்கயோகம், s. The eight qualities of a Yogi. See யோகம். (p.) அங்கரக்கா, s. [local] அங்கரட்சா. A jacket, மெய்ச்சட்டை. அங்கரட்சிணி, s. A coat of mail. (p.) அங்கராகம், s. Anointing the body with perfumes, sacred ashes, sandal, &c., ex ராகம், anointing. (p.) அங்கர், s. Inhabitants of the country, அங்கம். அங்கர்கோமான், s. Kannan the king of the அங்கம், country, கன்னன். (p.) அங்கவியல், s. The constituents of royalty. See அரசியல். (p.) அங்கவீனன், s. One who has bodily defects, குரூபி. (c.) அங்காதிபாதம், s. A system of anatomy; ex ஆதி first, et பாதம். (p.) அனங்கன், s. [priv. அந்.] One without body, உடலிலி. 2. The Deity, கடவுள். 3. Kama, மன்மதன். (p.) 15)

angklāy (p. 5) க்கிறேன், த்தேன், ப் பேன், க்க, v. n. To lament, be grieved, துக் கிக்க. 2. To covet, desire greatly, இச்சிக்க; ex அகம் et கலாய். (c.) 17) *

angkirṉ (p. 5) s. The name of a son of Brahma, a Rishi, one of the seven sages who were transferred to the skies where they appear as the stars of the great bear, ஆங்கீரசன். (p.) 32) *

acṭu (p. 5) s. Meanness, lowness, கீழ் மை. (p.) 2. Fault, குற்றம். 3. (c.) A small splint, a loose, uneven portion of a surface, as on a plate of metal, the finger nail, &c., உலோகங்களிற் பேருமசடு. அசடர், s. Low-caste people, illbred persons, கீழ்மக்கள். 62)

acampavam (p. 5) s. [priv. அ et சம்ப வம்.] Improbability, an extraordinary event, அதிசயம். 2. One of the three defects in composition, தருக்கநூலின் முக்குற்றத் திலொன்று. See தோஷம். 3. Non-existence, பிறவாமை. (p.) 81) *

acumāṟṟm (p. 6) s. [prov.] Suspicion, ஐயம். 2. A hint, a conjectural circumstance, சைகை. அசுமாற்றங்காட்ட, inf. To give a hint commonly as one thief to another, or to make a noise as a thief, to ascertain whether people are at home or awake. அசுமாற்றப்பட, inf. To be heard as a noise, or seen as a sight exciting suspicion of thieves or of mischief at hand. 39)

acurar (p. 6) s. (sing. அசுரன்.) A class of evil demi-gods the foes of the Devas, அவுணர். Wils. p. 96. ASURA. அசுரகுரு, s. The planet Venus, சுக்கிரன். அசுரசந்தி, s. Afternoon, evening, சாயங்காலம். (c.) அசுரநாள், s. The nineteenth lunar asterism, மூலநாள், Which is the natal nakshatra of the demons, and therefore considered very unlucky. (p.) அசுரமணம், s. One of the eight kinds of marriage. See மணம். (p.) அசுரமந்திரி--அசுரர்மந்திரி, s. The planet Venus, or its regent, being the Guru of the Asuras, as Brahaspata is of the Suras, சுக்கிரன். 42) *