um (p. 63) . A connective particle variously used, ஓரிடைச்சொல். 1. எதிர்மறையும்மை, the use of உம் with an affirmative, or negative expressing probability, possibility, &c., and implying the possibility, &c., of the contrary--as, சாத்தன்வருதற்குமுரியன், Sattan may perhaps come; அவன்வரவுங்கூடும், It is possible that he may come. 2. சிறப்பும்மை, the உம் of speciality, including உயர்வுசிறப் பும்மை, or superiority and இழிவுசிறப்பும்மை, or inferiority--as, ஞானிகளுமறியார்கள்சித்திரநதிமூல ம், Even the sages are unacquainted with the source of the சித்திரம் river; இவ்வூர்ப்பூனை யும்புலாறின்னாது, Even the cats of this place will not eat flesh (so sacred is it, so vile is the practice); பார்ப்பானுங்கள்ளுண்டான், Even a Brahman has been drinking toddy; இவனைநாயுந்தேடாது, Even a dog will not regard him. 3. ஐயவும்மை, the உம் in doubt, uncertainty, indecision, equivocal forms, probability, possibility--as, அவர்பத்தாயினுந் தருவார்பதினைந்தாயினுந்தருவார், Perhaps he may give ten or he may give fifteen; மழை பெய்தாலும்பெய்யும், It may perhaps rain; பத் தானுமெட்டானுங்கொடு, Give ten, or eight, ten would be preferred, but eight may do; வரினும்வருவான், It is probable that he may come. The உம் is often suppressed. 4. எச்சவும்மை, இறந்ததுதழீஇயவெச்சவும்மை, எதிரதுதழீ இயவெச்சவும்மை, the use of உம் implying another person, thing, or event, understood, and meaning likewise, too, even--as, அவனும் வந்தான், He also is come (implying that another is come or expected); நாம்பாடவும் வேண்டும், We must sing also (as well as dance, &c.); கேட்டும்படிக்கவேண்டும், By inquiry also we must learn (as well as by other means). 5. முற்றும்பை, indicating the whole of a number or series, universality, totality--as, ஒருவருக்குமையமில்லை, None can doubt; எங்குமில்லை, no where; இருகண்ணுஞ் சிவந்தன, both eyes reddened; எவ்விடமும், every where; இரண்டையுங்கொண்டுவா, Bring them both; எல்லாரும், எவரும், ஆரும்வந்தார், all, whoever, &c. came; மிகுந்தநாலுபணத்தை யுந்தா, Give me the remaining four fanams; மூவரும், all the three persons. 6. எண்ணும் மை, a numeral connective, corresponding with, and commonly repeated with each word of the series; நீயுமவனும்வந்தீர்கள், You and he came. The particle is sometimes joined to the last only--as, சாத்தன், கொற்றன், பூதனும் வந்தார்கள், Sattan, Kottan and Poodan came. Sometimes it is wholly omitted, and a pronoun including the series used instead--as, சாத்தன்கொற்றன்இவர்கள்வந்தார்கள். Sometimes the last noun in the series is used in the plural--as, சாத்தகோற்றவர்வந்தார்கள். 7. தெரிநிலையும்மை, the உம் of ascertainment, clear perception, or decision, used of three or more things concerning which doubt has been entertained, but which is now cleared up--as, ஆணுமன்றுபெண்ணுமன்று, It is neither male nor female (but in hermaphrodite); அவருண்பதுசோறுமல்ல, பணிகாரமுமல் ல, சாகமூலபலாதிகள், His food is neither rice nor cakes, but leaves, roots and fruits, &c. 8. ஆக்கவும்மை, உம் expressive of a change of state--as, பாலுமாயிற்று, This milk became medicine also; வலியனுமாயினான், He has become even a strong man. The above eight are given in நன்னூல். 9. உம் joined to an infinitive implies விரைவு, the immediate occurrence of the event--as, துரைகட்டளையிடவுங்காரியஞ்செய்துமுடிந்தது, As soon as the magistrate gave the order, the thing was done; அவர்சொல்லவுமுலகங்களுண் டாம், As soon as he speaks worlds appear. The உம் is often omitted, but then it is less expressive--as, நானிதைச்செய்யெனச்செய்கிறான், I say this and he does it. 1. உம் added to a verbal noun in poetry, sometimes gives it a gerund-like succession of the event--as, காண்டலுமிதுவேசொல்வான், Seeing him he spoke thus; வருதலுந்தழுவிக் கொண்டான், As soon as he came he embraced. 11. உம் is associated to the social ablative with the same meaning--as, கடுங்கணைதொடுத்தலோடும், As soon as the swift arrows were shot. 12. உம் added to the infinitive serves for optative, especially in epistolary usage but not in good style--as, தாங்கள்மறுமொழியனுப்பவும், May you please to send an answer; இப்படிச்செய்யவும், May you do so, I wish you to do so. 13. உம் added to the following forms of a verb, செய்து, செய்யின், செய்தால், has the force of though, although--as, அவனறிந்தும்வரவில்லை. Though he knew, he did not come; சொல்லி னும் or சொன்னாலும்அவன்கேளான், Though you may tell him he will not listen. 14. உம் added to இல் or இன் forms of the fifth case gives the force of the comparative degree --as, கந்தனினும்வலியனே, He is even stronger than Skanda. 15. A token of reproof, menace, anger, &c., also of attention, assent, doubt, non-compliance, &c., (see ஊம்)--as, உம்மெனத்தெழித்துரப்ப, He reproved his rashness by uttering the menacing sound உம் (ஸ்காந்தம்); கதைசொல்லுகி றேன்உம்கொட்டிக்கேள், I am going to tell you a story, show that you listen by saying உம்; உம்மெனுமார்பைத்தட்டும், The guilt of Brahmanicide manifested in a phantom threatened by saying உம் and striking on its breast (திருவிளையாடல்). 16. A termination of the imperative plural, முன்னிலைப்பன்மைவி குதி-- as, நீவிர்சொல்லும், say ye. It is often used honorifically in imperative singular --as, கடவுளேநீரிரங்கும், God be merciful. 17. A termination of verbs third pers. pres. or fut. tense sing. number, also of neut. plurals--as அவன்செய்யும், He does or will do it; சிங்கங்கள்முழங்கும், The lions roar, or will roar, செய்யுமென்முற்றுவிகுதி. 18. A modification of the pronoun நீர் when it is declined in the different cases--as, உம்மை, உம் மால், &c. 19. The termination of the future relative participle, எதிர்காலப்பெயரெச்ச விகுதி--as, உலகாளும்அரசர், Kings who govern the world. 2)

col (p. 212) s. Word, term, vocable, மொழி. 2. Saying, sentence, phrase, expression, passage, maxim, proverb, வாக்கியம். 3. Declaration, promise, assertion, command, assurance, உறுதிச்சொல். 4. Praise, encomium, panegyric, புகழ். 5. [in gram.] Parts of speech, பெயர்ச்சொல்முதலியன. 6. Toddy, fermented liquor--as inducing garrulity, கள். 7. Rice, paddy, நெல். 8. Fine rice, செந்நெல். 9. Ears of fine rice. நெற்கதிர். --Note. The parts of speech are four, viz.; 1. பெயர்ச்சொல், nouns and pronouns. 2. வினைச்சொல், verbs of both kinds. 3. இடைச்சொல், particles, as connectives, expletives, interjections, &c. 4. உரிச்சொல், adjectives and adverbs. Other specifications are included, as இயற்சொல். common words; திரிசொல், learned words; திசைச்சொல், provincial words, or according to the நன்னூல், words peculiar to or derived from any of the Tamil provinces around the Madura district, or form any of the Indian cognate languages; வடசொல் or வடமொழி, words of Sanscrit origin. அவனுடையபேச்சு காற்சொல்லுமரைச்சொல்லும்..... He speaks broken language; (lit.) half and quarter words. அப்படிச்சொல்லு. Say so--as a command; or as meaning--that is right. ஒருசொல்லுள்ளமனிதன்--ஒருசொல் வாசகன், s. A man steadfast to his word. சொல்லிற்பிழைதேட, inf. To detect a fault in speech. சொல்லணி--சொல்லலங்காரம், s. [in Rhetoric.] Figures founded in words, as distinguished from figures of thought. (See மடக்கு, &c.) 2. Elegance of expression. 3. Correct pronunciation. 4. Empty politeness, mere professions of kindness, உபசாரவசனம். சொல்லழுத்தம், s. Emphasis,--Note. Strictly speaking there is no increased meaning given to a word in Tamil, by a stress laid upon it; this is done by intensitive particles. சொல்லறுதி, s. Decisiveness in selling, making an offer, striking a bargain, &c. சொல்லாட, inf. To utter words, speak, talk. (p.) (குறள். chap. 82.) சொல்லாதசொல், s. Improper, indecent, uncourteous, offensive language. 2. Things improper to be told, secrets, &c. சொல்லாளி, s. One faithful to his word. 2. An eloquent person. (c.) சொல்லானந்தம், s. Unlucky or inauspicious use of a word, as portending evil to the hero of the poem. சொல்லிணக்கணம், s. [in grammar.] The chapter on words; etymology. சொல்லின்முடிவினப்பொருள்முடித்தல், v. noun. Confining the author's meaning to the finishing word or phrase, one of the thirty-two உத்தி. (p.) சொல்லின்பம், s. Euphony. சொல்லுக்குச்சொல், s. Returning abusive language. (c.) சொல்லுதவி--சொற்சகாயம்--சொற்று ணை. s. Aid by words--as recommendation. சொல்லுறுதி, s. Certainty, positive declaration, a averment, &c., as to a fact, event, &c. 2. Keeping one's word, faithfulness to one's promise. சொல்லுரிமை, s. A fine emphatic expression. சொல்லுரை, s. Explanation of a word --an adopted phrase. சொல்லேருழவர், s. (plu.) Poets, the powerful in language, புலவர். 2. King's ministers, மந்திரிகள்; (lit.) those who plough with words. சொல்வகை, s. Classification of the parts of speech. 2. Proper method of speaking, as of a teacher, barrister, &c., stating a question. சொல்வல்லபம், s. Power of language, ability of speech, eloquence. சொல்வழிகேட்க, inf. To be obedient. சொல்வளம், s. Fluency in words, readiness in speaking. 2. Copiousness of language. சொல்வண்மை, s. Eloquence, power of language. 2. Emphasis. 3. Distinctness of language. சொல்விளம்பி, appel. n. Toddy--as causing babbling, கள். சொற்கலகம், s. Dispute, controversy. சொற்காக்க, inf. To keep one's word. 2. To speak cautiously, so as not to commit one's self. சொற்குற்றம், s. Verbal mistake, etymological error. சொற்குற்றம்வாய்க்குற்றம், s. Trivial mistakes in words. சொற்கேட்க, inf. To wait or attend on one. 2. To be obedient, listen to, regard, obey. சொற்கேளாப்பிள்ளையினால்குலத்துக்கீனம். The disobedient child will bring disgrace on the family. சொற்சாதுரியம், s. Eloquence. சொற்சித்திரம், s. A quibble, pun, play on words. சொற்சிமிட்டு, s. [prov.] The use of a little word or particle, easily overlooked yet materially affecting the meaning. 2. Artfulness, dexterity or ingenuity in the use of words. சொற்சிறப்பு, s. Superiority of one word over another to convey the author's meaning, or to suit the connection 2. Verbosity, bombast. சொற்சுவை, s. Choice selection of words. சொற்சோர்வு, v. noun. Faltering in speech. 2. Fault or error in discourse, either inadvertently, or intentionally. சொற்பட, inf. To succeed; to increase or yield--as grain, வாய்க்க. (p.) சொற்படி, According to one's word, command, promise. சொற்பயன், s. Meaning of a word. சொற்பாடு, v. noun. (with நேர்பாடு.) Occurring, as predicted at random. சொற்பிழை, s. Verbal mistake, a slight verbal error, &c. 2. The wrong use of a word. சொற்புணர்ச்சி, v. noun. Combination of coalition of words. சொற்புணர்ச்சிஇலக்கணம், s. Syntax. சொற்புத்தி, s. Advice, admonition. சொற்பொருள், s. Meaning of words. சொற்பொருள்விரித்தல், v. noun. Employing such terms as may exactly convey the author's meaning one of the thirty-two உத்தி. சொற்றவறாமை, s. Keeping one's word. சொற்றிருத்தம், s. Correct orthography and pronanciation, distinct articulation. 2. The correction of a mistake in pronunciation. சொற்றிருந்த, inf. To reform in speech. as a child or foreigner, who had previously failed; to become correct in speech. சொற்றொடர்நிலைச்செய்யுள், s. As அந் தாதி, which see. சொன்மாலை, s. Encomium, eulogy, panegyric, praise. 2. A poem sung to the praise of one--commonly in his presence. (p.) சொன்னீர்மை, s. The meaning of a word, சொற்பயன்; [ex நீர்மை.] (p.) 9)