kīẕ (p. 113) s. Place or space, under, below, beneath, downward, low or nether; the bottom, கீழிடம். 2. The east, கிழக்கு. 3. A pit, a hole, பள்ளம். 4. The nether regions, the worlds below, கீழுலகம். 5. Forgetfulness, மறதி. 6. Bridle, reins, bit, கடிவாளம். 7. A low caste, கீழ்மக்கள். (p.) கீணர், s. [கீழ்நர்.] Low, mean people, the base, the vulgar, எளியோர். கீழது, s. That which is under or below; bottom. கீழதுமேலதாக்கிப்போட, inf. To overturn, upset, capsize; to overthrow, to defeat. கீழறுக்க, inf. To burrow, to excavate, to make a subterranean passage, to undermine, பூமியிற் சுரங்கஞ்செய்ய. 2. (fig.) To undermine, to injure by any underhand, clandestine means, சதிசெய்ய. கீழறை, s. An under-ground room, a cellar, நிலவறை. 2. A cavern, a cell, a hole or passage under ground, வளை. கீழாக, inf. To become depressed, to sink--as a stalk, a heap of muck, &c.; to deteriorate, to waste--as the body by use or disease; or as property, &c., தாழ் வடைய. கீழாக--கீழாய s. Under, below, beneath. கீழாயிருக்க, inf. To be below, to be mean, to be inferior. கீழாலவத்தை, s. 'Descending states of the soul.' State and degree of consciousness, commencing with objective sensations and descending to subjective feeling and contemplation, the mind receding farther and farther from objective impressions and associations. Hindu physiologists fancy that the mind descends from its seat in the forehead to its other seats, the neck, breast, umbilicus and terminus rectum. (தத்துவக். சிவ. சி.) கீழிருக்க, inf. To lie under, to be under one's dominion or control. கீழாறு, s. A river under ground, பூமி யினுள்ளோடுமாறு. 2. A river in the Congu country, கொங்குதேசத்தாறு. கீழாறுகொண்டுபோயிற்று. The under ground river has carried it away--said of things lost without knowing how. கீழுக்குப்போக, inf. To be diminishes, to be reduced. அவன்புத்தியுங்கல்வியும்வரவரக்கீழுக்குப்போகி றது. His understanding and knowledge are more and more diminishing. கீழோங்கி, s. [prov.] An inferior class or fishermen--as distinguished from மே லோங்கி, a higher rank. கீழ்நோக்க, inf. To look downward, to tend downward, கீழ்ப்பார்க்க. 2. To be sensual, grovelling, to tend toward secularities, இழிவானதைவிரும்ப. 3. To be on the decline--as to wealth, &c.; to go to ruin, to come to naught, தாழ்வடைய. கீழ்நோக்கித்திட்ட--கீழ்நோக்கியேச inf. To use obscene language, to assail with very indecent speech. கீழ்நோக்கு--கீழ்நோக்கம் v. noun. Looking downward, downward tendency, கீழ்ப்பார்வை. 2. Low or grovelling pursuits, a base inclination; underhand, clandestine purpose. கீழ்மேலாக, adv. Upside down. கீழ்ப்பட, inf. To be subdued, to yield, to be submissive, to become inferior, கீழ்ப்படிய. 2. To be subject, to be subordinate, to submit to, அடங்க. 3. To be degraded, mean, base, இழிவுபட. கீழ்ப்படிய--கீழ்ப்பணிய inf. To submit, to yield, to obey. கீழ்ப்படியாத்தனம்--கீழ்ப்படியாமை, s. Disobedience, insubordination. கீழ்ப்படிவு, v. noun. Submission, obedience, subordination, subjection, கீழ்ப்ப ணிவு. 2. Docility, tractableness, அமைவு. கீழ்ப்படுத்த--கீழ்ப்படியப்பண்ண, inf. To subdue, to subject, to subordinate, to subjugate, to quell, அடக்க. 2. To lower, to bring down, to reduce, தாழ்வுபடு த்த. 3. To degrade, ஈனப்படுத்த. கீழ்நோக்கினநட்சத்திரம், s. [in astro.] A lunar mansion looking downward-opposed to மேனோக்கினநட்சத்திரம். They are twelve in number. (உள்ளமு.) கீழ்நோக்கினராசி, s. [in astrol.] A zodiacal sign which looks downward.-Note. These signs, as well as the கீழ்நோக் கினநட்சத்திரம், are favorable for planting esculent roots and digging wells. கீழ்மேற்றென்வடல், s. The east, west, north and south. 42)

tṭṭu (p. 222) v. noun. Knock, tap, stroke, pat, rap, தட்டுகை. 2. Breaking, knocking, patting, தட்டல். 3. Scarcity, straits, extremity, குறை. 4. Drawing near, கிட்டுகை. 5. Warding off, averting, நீக்கல். 6. Evasion, prevarication, புரட்டு. 7. A dexterous performance or man&oe;uvre, உபாயம். 8. Stalk of grain, பயிர்த்தாள். 9. Striking against, collision, முட்டுதல். 1. Frustration, thwarting, விலக்கு. 11. Opposition, check, impediment, தடை. 12. Getting money by deception, swindling, பித்தலாட்டம். 13. (fig.) A cunning remark, a repartee, an insinuation, சூத்திரப்பேச்சு. 14. Patting, மெய்ப்பரிசத் திலொன்று. 15. Publishing by striking a gong, &c., தாளம்போடல்.--Note. In many of these meanings the word is used in cant. (c.) அவனுக்குநல்லதட்டு. He had a good profit. சாப்பாட்டுக்குஇப்போதுஅதிகதட்டு. Now a days, I am much straitened for food. ஒருதட்டுத்தட்டிவிட்டான். He has warded it off, acquitted himself well, given a gentle blow. ஒருதட்டுத்தட்டியிருக்கிறார். He has said something to frustrate the matter, or thrown in a word, &c. [prov.] தட்டிலும்வீச்சிலுங்காரியம்பார்க்க. To make a display and shift the expense on others. தட்டிலேவயிறுவளர்க்க. To support one's self at another's expense. தட்டுக்காரன், s. A rogue, a cunning fellow. 2. An evader, a prevaricator. தட்டுத்தட்ட, inf. To give a tap. 2. To evade. 3. To thwart or frustrate. 4. To act dexterously. தட்டுத்தடவல், v. noun. As தட்டல்த டவல், which see. தட்டாயிருக்க, inf. To be destitute, to be in straits. செலவுக்குத்தட்டாயிருக்கிறது. We are in want of the means of subsistence. தட்டுக்கொட்டு, v. noun. [prov.] Exterior show without accomplishing one's wish. 2. A bauble, gew-gaw. 3. Living by stratagem, &c. தட்டுத்தடக்கு, v. noun. Hesitation, impediment. தட்டுத்தடக்கில்லாமல்வாசிக்கிறான். He reads fluently. தட்டுத்தாவரம், s. [prov.] Resort, resource, refuge, புகலிடம். தட்டுப்பட, inf. To be hit, to be struck--commonly accidentally. 2. To be tapped or beaten as a drum, cymbal, &c. 3. To lack, to be wanting--as stores, money, rain, &c. 4. To be felt by contact. 5. To be stopped in progress, as a vehicle, a performer, &c., To be understood. அவன் என்கண்ணுக்குத்தட்டுப்படவில்லை. I have not seen him any where. இப்போதுதான்எனக்குத்தட்டுப்பட்டது. Now I understand it. தட்டுண்டுபோக, inf. To be beaten off, scattered. 2. To be all threshed out--as rape-seed. 3. To be thwarted, to fail, as an expected good. 4. To be upset, overturned. 5. To exchange commodities clandestinely, and fraudulently. தட்டுக்கெட, inf. To be greatly alarmed, to stand aghast. 2. To be in extremity, in destitution. 3. To suffer loss. தட்டுக்கெட்டுத்தடுமாறிப்போனான். He was greatly surprized. தட்டுக்கெட்டசமாசாரம், s. A complicated business. தட்டுக்கேடு, v. noun. Extremity, want, destitution. 2. Loss. 3. Perplexity, surprize. 4. Defeat, discomfiture, ruin. தட்டுமாறி, appel. noun. A swindler. 37)

tṭṭu (p. 222) கிறேன், தட்டினேன், வேன், தட்ட, v. a. To knock at, as a door, கதவைத்தட்ட. 2. To strike, as a gong; to tap, pat, slap, அறைய. 3. To touch or strive so as to displace, to shake off as dust, &c., தட்டிய திர்க்க. 4. To reject, as a temptation, to discard, விலக்க. 5. To strike in playing on drums, tambourines, the guitar, &c., with a plectrum, or otherwise, கொட்ட. 6. To strike against, commonly accidentally. dash against, மூட்ட. 7. To strike or ward off, to parry, தடுக்க. 8. To evade, palliate, equivocate, புரட்ட. 9. To frustrate, thwart, குலைக்க. 1. To procure one's dismissal from office, அகற்ற. 11. To soften palmyra fruit by beating, நொறுக்க. 12. To oppose, contradict, disobey a command, மறுக்க. 13. To beat and break shells to get the kernels. உடைக்க. 14. To fashion, form, mould, with the hands, by tapping--as clay, dough, &c., மட்கலந்தட்ட. 15. To beat off fruit, leaves, &c., from trees, உதிர்க்க. 16. To thrash out rape-seed, &c., கதிரடிக்க. 17. To clap on, as cow-dung on a wall, அப்ப. 18. To hammer, to flatten, தட்டையாக்க. 19. (fig.) To conquer, vanguish, முறியடிக்க. 2. (fig.) To suggest a thought, நினைவெழுப்ப. 21. To dissuade, மறிக்க. 22. [prov.] To throw out water with the foot, hand, basket, &c., நீரெற்ற. 23. [in cant.] To steal, pilfer, swindle, to get by deceit or stratagem, கவர. 24. [in burlesque.] To trip, knock down, to destroy--as an epidemic, தட்டிவீழ்த்த. 25. [with loc. ablative.] To resist an obstacle, to come in contact with, பட. 26. To run aground or strike against, as a vessel, to clash, மோத. 27. [with dative.] To be perceived as a smell, வாசனைதட்ட. 28. [with dative.] To be scanty, wanting, as food, rain, water, &c., to be reduced, as the milk of a cow, குறைவுபட. 29. To elude, to escape, தப்ப. 3. [with dative.] To be at fault, to fail, as the hand playing on an instrument, writing, performing an operation, &c., or the tongue in reading or speaking, &c., தவற. 31. To hobble as a verse, தலைகாட்ட.--Note. The meanings are often cant. அனேகரைக்காய்ச்சல்தட்டிப்போட்டது. The fever has prostrated many persons. தண்ணீர்தலைதட்டநிற்கிறது. The water is head deep. [prov.] தலையைத்தட்டிப்போட்டது. It has carried off his head. தேடியபொருள்காலிலேதட்டினதுபோல. As if the thing sought for, had struck against the foot; i. e. getting accidentally the thing desired. நெஞ்சிலேதட்டிப்பார். Knock at your own breast, and inquire. பல்லைத்தட்டிவிடு. Knock out his teeth. மரங்கள் தெருத்தட்டநிற்கின்றன. The trees extend the whole length of the street. [prov.] தொண்டைக்குள்ளேஏதோதட்டுகிறது. There is something in my throat obstructing the passage. அவன்என்வார்த்தையைத்தட்டிப்போட்டான். He has disobeyed me. மழைதட்டிப்போயிற்று. Rain is deficient. அரிசித்தட்டிப்போயிற்று. The rice is nearly exhausted; or rice is very dear and scarce. தட்டாமல்முட்டாமல் விழுங்கிப்போட்டான். He has swallowed it (his large income) without difficulty. [prov.] தட்டாமல்வைக்க, inf. To place things so as not to touch each other. தட்டவைக்கப்பார்க்க--தட்டவைக்கநி னைக்க, inf. To put one on a wrong scent when in pursuit of another. தட்டிக்கிளம்ப--தட்டியெழும்ப, inf. To rice grow high, or tall. 2. To rise to affluence, influence, &c. 3. To be animated with joy, or zeal for an enterprize; to be roused with anger. தட்டிக்கேட்க, inf. To speak or remonstrate. தட்டிக்கொடுக்க, inf. To quiet, to lull by tapping. 2. To cheer, to encourage men or beasts by patting on the back, shoulders, &c. 3. [in prison bars.] To tap a person so that another may grasp him. தட்டிக்கொள்ள, inf. To be exhausted, to be in want. 2. To strike against, to be resisted, by an obstacle. 3. To be retarded in reading, speaking, or business. 4. To fail, to prove inadequate. 5. To shake off the dust by striking the foot upon the ground. மேலேதட்டிக்கொள்ளாதே. Don't come in contact with me--said by one afraid of defilement. கப்பல்நிலந்தட்டிக்கொண்டது. The ship is aground, striking, &c. தட்டிச்சொல்ல, inf. To contradict. 2. [prov.] To speak, or repeat a lesson with hesitation; to stammer. தட்டிப்பறிக்க, inf. To strike and snatch away. 2. To get by stratagem. தட்டிப்பறைசாற்ற, inf. To publish by beat of drum. 2. To blab out private matters, to asperse one's character. தட்டிப்பார்க்க, inf. To try to fish out secrets from one. 2. To sit one's erudition, caste, property, &c. 3. To try silver coins, by ringing, and snapping them with the fingers. தட்டிப்பேச, inf. To oppose, to remonstrate, to object, to protest against. தட்டிப்போட, inf. To strike and spill; to over-turn, &c. 2. (fig.) To overcome one in a game, &c. தட்டிமாற, inf. To evade, shift a fault upon another; to baffle one and escape. 2. To give one a heavy blow. தட்டியெடுத்துக்கொள்ள, inf. To secure a thing for one's self, deceiving another. 2. To get a thing in spite of the endeavours of others. தட்டியெழுப்ப, inf. To tap and rouse one. தட்டியோட்ட, inf. (also. அதட்டியோ ட்ட.) To drive beasts rapidly. தட்டிவிட, inf. To strike and overturn. 2. To cheer by patting the shoulders of combatants, &c. 3. To animate, encourage. 4. To frustrate. 5. To contradict, refuse. 6. [prov.] To change the position of different yokes of oxen, in ploughing, putting the hindermost, forward, &c. 7. To cause the oxen to turn back to deepen the furrows. 8. (c.) To drive cattle faster, to accelerate their speed. இனித்தட்டிவிடு. Wait no longer. தட்டிவைக்க, inf. [prov.] To suggest, to throw in a word to effect an object; to speak once, expecting to speak again on the subject. தலைதட்டியளக்க, inf. To strike the measure. See தடவு, v. சொல்லைத்தட்ட, inf. To disobey one's command. 2. To contradict. 3. To speak before another has finished. 38)

purṭṭu (p. 324) s. [vul. பிரட்டு.] Turning over; overturn, overthrow, திருப்பு. 2. Shifting, shuffling, equivocation, மாறுபாடு, (c.) 3. Sickness or nausea, வாந்தி. 4. [prov.] Pain in the bowels, colic. See குன்மப்புரட்டு. புரட்டன்--புரட்டுக்காரன், s. A deceiver, equivocator, shuffler, liar. புரட்டுருட்டு, s. Lying and prevarication, as உருட்டுப்புரட்டு. புரட்டோடியம், s. Obscene language. (R.) 48)

purṭṭu (p. 324) கிறேன், புரட்டினேன், வேன், புர ட்ட, v. a. [vul. பிரட்டு.] To turn a thing over, சுருட்ட. 2. To overturn, to turn upside down as the soil in ploughing, to subvert, திருப்ப. 3. To nauseate, to feel sick, to retch, குமட்ட. 4. To deceive, to deny, to falsify or violate one's word, வஞ்சிக்க. 5. To pervert, to distort, மாறுப டுத்த. 6. To smear, to rub oil on the head, தேய்க்க. 7. To dirty, to stain or foul with dirt, அழுக்காக்க. 8. To refute, ஆட்சே பிக்க; [ex புரள்.] உலகத்தைப்புரட்டிப்போட்டான். He has turned the world upside down. புரட்டிப்புரட்டிப்பார்த்தான். He has turned it over and over; looking at it again and again. புரட்டியடித்தல், v. noun; Denying a fact; plumply denying and inducing belief. 2. Prevaricating. 49) *

purḷ (p. 324) --புரளு, கிறேன், புரண்டேன், வேன், புரள, v. n. To roll over, to tumble over, to be overturned, to wallow, or welter in, உருள. 2. To roll as a river or a torrent, to overflow, to roll as waves, அலைமறிய. 3. To become besmeared, soiled, dirty, அழுக்காக. 4. To be perfumed, soaked, drenched with, கலக்க. 5. To be deranged, or changed, as times, seasons, customs, or laws; to be overturned as a state, மாற. 6. To fail in one's word, சொற்பிறழ. 7. To be refuted or confuted, வாதுமடங்க. 8. To revolve, சுற்ற. 9. (fig.) To abound, மிக. தண்ணீர்கரைபுரண்டோடிற்று. The water has overflowed the bank. பேச்சுப்புரளலாமா. Will you fail in your word? நீபுரண்டுபேசுகிறாய். You shuffle in your talk.