akattiyam (p. 2) s. A grammar or அ கத்தியன், of which little remains, ஓர்நூல். 2. (Improperly,) needfulness, indispensableness, அவசியம். 5) *

akkiyātam (p. 4) --அஞ்ஞாதம், s. [priv. அ et கியாதம்.] Obscurity, மறைவு. (p.) அக்கியாதவாசம், s. (properly and elegantly, அஞ்ஞாதவாசம்.) A life of privacy, living incognito under a feigned name. 7) *

ātīṉam (p. 38) s. [properly அதீனம்.] Proprietorship, hereditary inheritance, &c., சுதந்திரம். பராதீனன், s. One who serves under another. சுவாதீனன், s. One who is his own master, a free man. தெய்வாதீனம், s. God's disposal and direction, God's right of bestowing. 70)

ār (p. 41) . Who, the interrogative pronoun common to both numbers and all persons, in the rational class, though properly the third person plural--contracted from யாவர் or யார். (c.) நீயார்? Who art thou? அவரார்? Who is he?--Note. When உம் is added to ஆர், it implies all, and with a negative, none--as யாரும், all, யாருமில்லை, no one--also when it is doubled, it is used distributively--as ஆராருக்குக் கொடுத் தான்? To whom did he give? 51)

irākkatar (p. 50) --இராட்சதர், s. One of the two classes of foes to the Devas or genii, sometimes improperly called giants. They appear to be of various descriptions, being either powerful Titans in a preternatural form--as Ravana and others--or mischievous and cruel goblins, demons, vampires or fiends, haunting cemeteries, devouring human beings, &c., அரக்கர். Wils. p. 699.RAKSHASA. இராக்கதகணம், s. A set of demons --as Rakshasas one of the eighteen classes. இராக்கதமணம், s. See மணம். இராக்கதி, s. A female fiend. இராக்ஷதகிர்த்தியம், s. Valiant exploits, gigantic feats. இராட்சதப்பிறப்பு, s. The progeny, or race of demons. இராக்ஷதமாயை, s. The illusions or charms of demons. 10) *

ilingkam (p. 54) s. A sign, mark, token, symbol, அடையாளம். 2. The penis. ஆண்குறி. 3. The phallus or linga--a representation of the membra viri et mulieris used in temples as an object of worship, and regarded as deity under this emblem. It is also made of gold or silver and worn in a casket on the arm, the breast, or some other part of the body, as an amulet and as an object of veneration and worship. In both these cases it represents both sexes in conjunction, being emblematical of Siva and Sacti, or the male and female energies of the deity, சிவலிங்கம். In the Agama philosophy three lingas are mentioned; viz.: 1. Streelinga (ஸ்திரீலிங்கம்) the same as விந்து--the female linga common to male and female--including in both sexes the organs for secreting and containing the seminal fluid. 2. Purshalinga (புருட லிங்கம்) same as நாதம் (Natha) male linga, also common to both sexes, including in both sexes the genital organs for transmitting and combining the two productions essential to generation. 3. Napunchakalinga, (நபுஞ்சகம்) same as அலி, Ali or Alilinga, the neuter or rather hermaphrodite linga, being the physiological foundation of the other two, both as to their organization and functions. The image linga often bears this name; these three are distinguished by the terms அவன், அவள், அது. They are physiological and are found in such works as தத்துவக்கட்டளை, &c. There is another class of lingas called பஞ்சலிங் கம், the five lingas, popularly represented as deity under the emblems of the five elements, and worshipped in as many celebrated temples, viz.: பிருதிவிலிங்கம், earth-linga, worshipped at Canjeevara-அப்புலிங்கம், water-linga, worshipped at Tiruvanaicka--தேயுலிங்கம், fire linga, worshipped at Tiruvannamalay--வாயுலிங்கம், air-linga, worshipped at Tirukalatti-ஆகாயலிங்கம், ether-linga, worshipped at Sethumbaram. These are properly of a metaphysical or mystical character and belong to the arcana of Hinduism. The above designations are for popular use and are given from their physiological connection with the five bodies or casements of the soul, whose natural bases are the elements. earth, water, fire, air and ether, respectively. Among the initiated, the following are the terms employed, viz.: 1. ஸ்திரீலிங் கம், Streelinga--this is properly the organ entire--male and female with its functions; it is a figure (உரூபம்) the only one of the five to which form is ascribed. There is but one image, the representation of this. The சரிதை course of worship, i. e. the popular puranic course belongs to this. 2. புல்லிங்கம், this is defined to be உணர்வு; the course here is that of instruction and perception as to the action of the instrument, &c. To this belongs the கிரியை course of worship, the second great stage. 3. நபுஞ் சகலிங்கம், this is the stage of darkness, of neutrality, called the stage of darkness and doubt, and, as a course of worship, is included in the succeeding one. 4. பரமலிங் கம், this comes under the dominion of மயேச் சுரன், the concealer, and is called மறைப்பு; the course here is that of யோகம், the third great stage. 5. மகாலிங்கம், this is தெளிவு, the course of ஞானம், the last stage which exempts from births, and secures absorption in the supreme essence. Wils. p. 72. LINGA. இலிங்ககோளம், s. Glans penis. (Anat.) இலிங்கங்கட்டி--இலிங்கதாரி, s. One who wears the linga. இலிங்கசங்கமம், s. Symbols of the sexes united--probably a personification of the active energy of the deity and of matter, represented in metal. &c., or formed in the mind as objects of contemplation and worship. இலிங்கசூலை, s. A kind of venereal disease. இலிங்கபுடோல், s. The ஐவிரலி, creeper, Bryonia, L. இலிங்கபுராணம், s. One of the eighteen Puranas, புராணம்பதினெட்டிலொ ன்று. இலிங்கப்புற்று, s. A kind of venereal disease. இலிங்கரோகம், s. The venereal disease, ஆண்குறியில்வருமோர்புண். இலிங்கர்--இலிங்கிகள், s. Ascetics, Rishis who wear the Linga, சைவ தவப்பாலோர். இலிங்கி, s. An ascetic. 2. A worshipper of Siva, under the phallic emblem. 3. A hypocrite, a pretended devotee. ஸ்படிகலிங்கம், s. A linga made of quartz. பாணலிங்கம், s. A stone in the form of a linga--found in the river Nurbudda. பிரசாதலிங்கம், s. What is dedicated to Siva. பார்த்திபலிங்கம், s. Any thing assumed as an emblem of linga, and worshipped. சுயம்புலிங்கம், s. A linga supposed to be self-existent. சங்கமலிங்கம், s. A man of the Changama sect. குருலிங்கம், s. A spiritual father, a confessor. 17)

iẕu (p. 55) க்கிறேன், த்தேன், ப்பேன், க்க, v. a. To draw, pull, haul, drag, tug, drag to justice, to drag along the ground, ஈர்க்க. 2. To attract--as a magnet, ஊசி முதலியவீர்க்க. 3. To attract--as a snare, to entice, allure, inveigle, seduce, draw over to one's interests, வசமாக்க. 4. To strain, stretch, lengthen or attenuate by pulling, to draw out, நெடுகச்செய்ய. 5. To drag one into an affair, to cite, force one to court, &c., to drag one's name, &c. in support of an argument or practice, வலிகக. 6. To upbraid, drag out one's faults to view, to cast reproaches, insults, &c., புறத்திலிழு க்க. 7. To draw into, swallow up, engulph --as a stream, a whirl-pool, a whirl-wind, சுழித்துவாங்க. 7. To absorb--as a sponge, to absorb humors from the body, to draw-as a medicine or plaster, உறிஞ்ச. 8. To draw out the voice, lengthen the sound properly in singing, to draw in speaking, reading, &c., நீட்டிப்பேச. 9. To strain muscularly, distort the features or limbs in spasms, &c., to have the cramp, to be convulsed; in this sense, it is often used impersonally, வலியிழுக்க. 1. v. n. To linger, to be protracted, தாமதிக்க. இழுத்துப்பாடு. Sing, dwelling on the notes. தாய்வருமளவும்பேச்சிழுத்தாள். She protracted, continued the conversation, till her mother came. அந்தவழக்குவெகுபணமிழுத்துப்போட்டது. That law-suit has swallowed up a great deal of money. காரியமிழுத்துக்கொண்டுவருகின்றது. The affair is protracted, the business is delayed, being involved in various intricacies. இப்படியிழுத்துக்கொண்டுநின்றாலொன்றுந்தீராது. If you protract the matter so carelessly, you cannot expect a happy result. வழக்கிலேயிழுத்துவிட்டார்கள். They have dragged the matter into court. ஊர்க்காரியங்களையிழுக்க To make a long story, unnecessarily talking of other people's affairs. உன்காரியத்திலென்னையிழாதே. Do not draw me into your affairs, as a witness, party, &c. காரியத்திலிழுத்துக்கொண்டுநிற்கிறார்கள். They pull against or away from each other-as two parties, &c., they dissent, are unsettled (fig.), from the idea of two beasts tied together. இழுத்துக்கொண்டுவர, inf. To put off from day to day. என்கடனைத்தீர்க்காமலிழுத்துக்கொண்டுவருகிறான். He delays to pay the debt he owes me. இழுத்துப்பேச, inf. To speak drawlingly. இழுத்துவலிக்க, inf. To draw in a rope, or cord--as attached to a net, paper-kite, &c. இழுத்துவிட, inf. To put off, to protract, to delay, continue putting off and never fulfilling. 2. To bring into court, indict, prosecute, expose to the public. மடியைப்பற்றியிழுக்க, inf. To seize one's lap and pull him. காலிழுத்துநடக்க, inf. To trail the leg in walking--as a lame man. இழுபறி, s. A scuffle, a struggle, strife, squabble, வாது. இழுப்பு, v. noun. Drawing, pulling, draught, a pull, a tug, a twitch, இழுக் கை. 2. Attracting, attraction, allurement, inviting, engaging. 3. Distortion of the limbs or features by convulsions, cramp, &c. 4. Absorption. 5. Draught or force of a current, wind, &c. 6. Procrastination, tardiness, protraction, suspense, uncertainty. The meanings of the verb generally are applicable also to the verbal noun. அதிலே முன்னிழுப்புப்பின்னிழுப்பில்லை. In that matter, there can be no dispute one way or the other. இழுப்பறை, s. A box in a case, a drawer. இழுப்பாட்டம், s. Tardiness, protraction, procrastination. இழுப்பாட்டியம், s. [prov.] Procrastination, protraction, tardiness, delay--used instead of இழுப்பாட்டம். இழுப்பாணி, s. [prov.] A delayer, postponer, lingerer. 2. A moveable peg that fastens the yoke to the beam of the plough. இழுப்புண்ண, inf. To be drawn unwillingly--as some persons when they are compelled to attend court; to be forced or dragged into an affair. 2. To be allured, seduced, decoyed; to be diverted from the business in hand, be tempted, be led away by lust, be ensnared, சிக்கிக்கொள்ள. இழுப்புப்பறிப்புப்பட, inf. [vul.] To scuffle, struggle, contend. 2. To pull one another--as persons intoxicated, or in play. இழுவல், v. noun. [prov.] The act of drawing. 2. Putting off, lingering, delaying, postponing. 3. One who neglects his own affairs and busies himself with those of others. அவனொரு இழுவல். He is a busy-body, drawn into every one's business. இழுவை, v. noun. A being drawn, draught, இழுப்பு. 2. Any thing drawn-as a draught of thorns, timbers, fishes, &c., இழுக்கப்பட்டவை. 3. A long rope for draught, இழுக்கும்வடம். 4. The mark or point made on the ground by a thing drawn, சுவடு. இழுவைகண்டாலடிப்பார்க்கிறதேன்? When the track in which the thing was dragged is plain, why look for footsteps? 37)

upattiravam (p. 61) s. Affliction, tribulation, suffering either of mind or body, வேதனை. 2. Tyranny, oppression, national distress, whether by the seasons, epidemics, famine, the government, &c., கொடு மை. Wils. p. 154. UPADRAVA.--Note. This word is sometimes improperly spelt உபத்திரம். உபத்திரவகாலம், s. A time of distress, calamity. உபத்திரவப்பட, inf. To suffer, be in affliction. உபத்திரவப்படுத்த, inf. To afflict, distress. தேசோபத்திரவம், s. General and national distress. பசியுபத்திரவம், s. The suffering of hunger. வியாதியுபத்திரவம், s. Suffering from disease. மனோபத்திரவம், s. Distress of mind.

uy (p. 63) கிறேன், ந்தேன், வேன், ய, v. n. To live as man, beast, or vegetables; to subsist, survive, revive or flourish--as trees, plants, &c., சீவிக்க. 2. (p.) To obtain benefits, privileges, &c.; to be blessed, to be happy, to prosper, flourish, to be relieved from distress, oppression, suffering, &c., உயிர்வாழ. 3. To obtain heavenly bliss, to gain exemption from transmigration, ஈடேற. 4. To escape from dangers, wild beasts, &c., to flee from, தப்ப. உய்கதியால்--உய்தடி, s. A live hedge-stick. உய்தவம், s. Austerities leading to bliss. உய்பயிர், s. Thriving crops, trees, &c. 2. (fig.) A person in thriving circumstances. உய்வனவு, v. noun. [prov.] Flourishing or reviving as a tree, செழிப்பு. 2. Living, subsistence, maintenance, சீவனம். 3. s. Means of attaining eternal bliss, ஈடேற்றம். This word properly must be உய்வு. உய்விக்க, inf. To save alive, cause to live, prosper, flourish, &c. This is the causative of உய். உய்வு--உய்தி, v. noun. Enjoyment of life, prosperity, felicity, உயிர்வா ழ்வு. 2. Bliss, salvation, ஈடேற்றம். 3. Living, life as spoken auspiciously, உயிர்க்கை. ஒருவன்செய்நன்றிகொன்றார்க்குய்தியில்லெனவ றம்பாடின்றே. The divine laws declare that to the ungrateful there is no happiness here or hereafter. (புறநானூறு.) 24)

eccm (p. 73) s. Deficiency, defect, lack, குறைபாடு. 2. Remainder, remnant, சேஷம். 3. Orts, remains of food, whatever has come in contact with the mouth. spittle, &c., being deemed defiled, எச்சில். 4. Posterity, offspring, சந்ததி. 5. The dung of birds, fowls, wall-lizards, &c., பறவைமுதலி யவற்றின்மலம். 6. An elliptical, or unfinished word, sentence, பெயரெச்சமுதலியன; [ex எஞ்சு.] (p.) எச்சத்தாற்காணப்படும். (Their deeds) will be manifest in their posterity; i. e. in the prosperity, or adversity of their offspring. எச்சமிட, inf. To discharge excrement--as birds, &c., பறவைமலம்விசர்ச் சிக்க. பகையெச்சம். s. Suppressed anger. தீயெச்சம், s. The remainder of fire--as, வினைபகையென்றிரண்டினெச்சம், நினை யுங்காற்றீயெச்சம்போலத்தெறும், (Warlike) deeds which are not pushed to extremity (in the destruction of a foe) and hatred which is not executed but suppressed, will destroy like fire unextinguished. (குறள்.) நோயெச்சம், s. A reduced disease, the remains of a disease. ஈரெச்சம், s. In Grammar, the two classes of unfinished words. I. பெயரெச் சம் or participles, lit. words which require nouns to complete them. These embrace two classes, viz.: (1.) தெரிநிலை ப்பெயரெச்சம், or the participle of the common verb--as, வந்தமகன், the man who came; வருகின்றமகன், the man who comes; வரும்பிள்ளை, the child that will come. (2.) குறிப்புப்பெயரெச்சம் or பெயரெச்சக்குறிப்பு, the participle of the symbolic verb, which always ends in அ and often has the force of an adjective--as கரியகுதிரை, a black horse; கடுங்கண்ணகுதிரை, a fierceeyed horse, or a fierce horse; பொன்னகு திரை. a gold-like horse; அமர்முகத்தகுதிரை, a horse in the front of a battle; மூவிலைய வேல், a three-forked dart, a trident. II. வினையெச்சம், unfinished verbs, or such forms of the verb as require other terminate verbs, &c., to complete the sense. (1.) தெரிநிலைவினையெச்சம். In the past, it is called by Beschi, a gerund; there are five varieties; i. e. (1.) செய்து, பண்ணி, நிறீஇ for நிறுவி or நிறுத்தி; வளைஇ for வளைந்து or வளைத்து; இரீஇ for இருந்து or இருத்தி; கூய் for கூவி. (2.) செய்பு. (3.) செய்யா. (4.) செய்யூ. (5.) செய்தென--Notes. The first is the most common, and the only kind found in colloquial use. 2. The present, or infinitive, செய or செய்ய. 3. The future comprising six varieties. 1. செயின், செய்யின், செயில், செய்யில், செய்கில், these are all future subjunctive forms. 2. செய்யிய. 3. செய்யியர். 4. செய்வான். 5. செய்பாக்கு. 6. உண்பான், this termination occurs after a nasal only. The last five are equivalent to the infinitive, &c., they may be rendered by that with the potential of the verb, as given in நன்னூல். A few may be added: 1. செய் தால், the common subjunctive of the past, but often used for the future. 2. செய்தக்கால். 3. செய்தக்கடை, past or future subjunctives. 4. செய்தலும், காண்டலும். 5. செய்தலோடும், implying when, or as soon as. 6. ஏல், a contraction of எனில், is, in poetry, added to any finite verb to form the subjunctive--as உண்ணுமேல், உண்ணுமெனில். 2. வினையெச்சக்குறிப்பு or குறிப்புவினையெச்சம், gerund of symbolic verbs; of these there are but two, இன்றி and அன்றி from இல் and அல், these symbolic verbs being redundant. சொல்லெச் சம், elliptical, or incomplete words, or classes, ten in number. 1. பெயரெச்சம், participles as given above. 2. வினையெச் சம், unfinished forms of the verb. (See above.) 3. உம்மையெச்சம், a sentence in which a second உம் and its adjunct are understood--as, சாத்தனும்வந்தான், Sattan also is come, implying that others are come or expected. 4. சொல்லெச்சம், a clause in which சொல்லல் is understood --as, என்றார் for என்றுசொன்னார். 5. பிரிநிலை யெச்சம், a clause in which an exception of persons, or things is implied, see ஏ and ஓ--as, அவனேகொண்டான், he bought it, implying that others did not. 6. எனவெனெச்சம், a clause in which a verb, or a noun is required after என--as, கடலொல்லெனவொலித்தது, the sea roared with the sound of ஒல். 7. ஒழியிசையெச்சம், a clause in which a counterpart is understood--as உண்ணுதற்கோவந்தான், was it to eat that he came (implying that his object was otherwise)? 8. எதிர்மறை யெச்சம், the ellipsis of a negative, or denial--as அவனோகொண்டான், Was it he that bought it (implying a negative answer). 9. இசையெச்சம், ellipsis generally comprising two or more words, such as are not found in the above--as நின்னையா னகன்றாற்றுவனோ, Can I endure separation from you (indicating an affectionate attachment to the party addressed)? 1. குறிப்பெச்சம், symbolic terms, contractions, abbreviations, &c., comprising several kinds. (See குறிப்பு.) There is another form called முற்றெச்சம், a finite verb used in the place of a gerund--as உண்டான்வந்தான் for உண்டுவந்தான், eating he came. எச்சமிட, inf. To befoul, to soil with dung--spoken of birds. எச்சவனுமானம், s. Inference of a past cause from a present effect. See அநுமானம். எச்சவாய், s. [vul.] The sphincter of the anus, the podex, குதம். அட்டவெச்சம், s. The eight defects in the human body; i. e. 1. சிதடு or குருடு, blindness. 2. ஊமை, dumbness. 3. செவிடு, deafness. 4. கூன், crookedness of the back. 5. குறள், dwarfness. 6. முடம், lameness. (சது.) (in பிங்கலந்தை and திவாகரம், யகண், மா, hermaphroditism). 7. உறுப்புமயக்கம், a monstrous birth either by redundancy, defect, or misplacing of the members, &c. 8. உறுப்பில்பிண்டம், a shapeless production, or a birth with the features not properly developed. 23)

etir (p. 73) s. That which is opposite, in front, before, in presence of, over against, முன். 2. That which is opposed, is adverse, hostile, முரண். 3. Similitude, comparison, ஒப்பு. 4. Futurity, வருங்காலம். 5. Rivalry, competition, எதிரிடை. எதிரதுபோற்றல், v. noun. An author's adopting what is authorized by good usage though modern. See உத்தி. எதிரறை, s. An opposite room. எதிராக--எதிரே, adv. Before, opposite to, in front, &c. எனக்கெதிரே. Before me. சத்துருவிற்கெதிராகப்போதல். Encountering or meeting an enemy. எதிராளி--எதிரி, s. Opponent, adversary, antagonist, பகைஞன். 2. The defendant in a lawsuit, எதிர்வழக்காளி. 3. A rival, a competitor, எதிரிடைக்காரன். எதிரிட, s. To meet, எதிர்ப்பட. 2. To oppose in battle, எதிர்க்க. எதிரிடை, v. noun. Opposition, encounter, counteraction, எதிர்க்கை. 2. Contrariety, விரோதம். 3. Rivalry, competition, எதிரித்தனம். 4. That which is equivalent, சமமாயிருப்பது. எதிரிடைகட்ட, inf. To rival, to vie with, compete with, எதிர்க்க. 2. [prov.] To act in opposition, விரோதிக்க. எதிரிடைகாரன், s. Competitor, rival, antagonist, விரோதஞ்செய்வோன். எதிரிடைச்சீட்டு--எதிரிடைமுறி, s. A counter bond. எதிரிடையாய்ப்பேச, inf. To dispute or contradict. எதிருத்தரம்--எதிர்மொழி, s. An answer, a reply, a rejoinder, a retort, பிரதியுத்தரம். எதிருரை, s. Answer, retort, எதிர் மொழி. 2. Cavil, dispute, வாது. எதிருரைக்க, inf. To oppose, to disobey, to be contumacious, எதிர்த்துப் பேச. 2. To answer, retort, மறுமொழிசொ ல்ல. 3. To cavil, dispute, to be petulant, morose, cross, வாதுசெய்ய. எதிரூன்ற, inf. To take a firm position--as an army, உறுதியாய்நிற்க. 2. To resist, oppose, withstand, எதிர்த்துநிற்க. எதிரெடுக்க, inf. To vomit, eject from the stomach, சத்திசெய்ய. எதிரேற்றல், v. noun. Counteracting a magical evil, எதிரேவல். 2. Counteracting evil in general, தடுத்தல். 3. Attacking, opposing or resisting--as an enemy, எதிர்த்தல். 4. Receiving in one's own person the weapons discharged by a foe out of bravery, or to save a friend, பிறன்மேல்வருவதைத்தானேற்றல். எதிரேற்று, v. noun. Counter magic, magic resorted to in retaliation, sorcery, &c., எதிரேவல். எதிரொலி, s. Echo, reverberation of sound. பிரதித்தொனி. எதிரொலித்தல், v. noun. Echoing, resounding. எதிர்கொள்ள--எதிர்கொண்டழைக் க, inf. To meet and receive a guest, a great person, a wedding party, &c., coming to one's house, சந்திக்க. எதிர்கோள், v. noun. Meeting in the way, meeting or receiving a person, எதிர்கொள்ளுகை. விருந்தெதிர்கோடல், v. noun. Inviting guests, or devotees, religious mendicants, &c.--one of the duties enjoined on a householder as the condition of his own participation of the good things of providence. See இல், house. (சிலப்பதிகாரம்.) எதிர்க்கடை, s. An opposition bazaar. கீரைக்கடைக்குமெதிர்க்கடைவேண்டும். An opposition stall is necessary even among green grocers. [prov.] எதிர்க்கட்சி, s. An opposite party, எதிரானகூட்டம். எதிர்க்காற்று, s. Contrary wind. எதிர்க்கை, s. A slanting timber forming a continued line with the ridge and uniting in an angle formed by the slanting hip-rafters on either end of a hipped or bungalo roof. எதிர்ச்சாட்சி, s. Counter testimony; a witness brought to disprove previous testimony, மாறானசாட்சி. எதிர்ச்செட்டு, s. Competition in trade, ஒருவன்விற்பதற்குமாறாகவிற்கை. 2. [prov.] Trading at second hand, buying and selling again directly at a small profit. எதிர்நடை, s. The act of doing perversely. 2. Opposite course. எதிர்நடைக்கணக்கு, s. A register or account kept by each partner in a concern, that one may be examined by the other. எதிர்நிரைநிறை--எதிர்நிரனிறை, s. An arrangement of a series of verbs, &c. in the contrary order to that in which their nouns occur. See முறை நிரனிறை. எதிர்நிலை, s. Resistance, opposition, எதிர்நிற்கை. எதிர்நிலையகத்திணை, s. [in amatory verse.] The rule for elucidating a circumstance by the opposite case, contrast. எதிர்நிற்க, inf. To stand before one, முன்னிற்க. 2. To oppose, to be perverse, or contumacious, மாறுபட்டுநிற்க. 3. To stand against, withstand, cope with, போர்செய்ய. எதிர்நோக்குநட்சத்திரம், s. A nutchattra whose influence has respect to movements and interests in the different points of the compass, not an astrological, but a common phrase; the same as எதிர்நாள், or more properly, பக்கநாள். எதிர்பார்க்க, inf. To wait for an expected person, வரவுபார்த்திருக்க. 2. To expect, to look forward, காத்திருக்க. இருகாரியத்திற்கெதிர்பார்த்துக்கொண்டிருக்கிறது. To hope for a thing, to be in expectation of it. எதிர்போக, inf. To go against, oppose, meet as an army, assail, எதிராய் போக. எதிர்ப்பட, inf. To meet as in the way, சந்திக்க. 2. To happen, occur, தோன்ற. எதிர்ப்படுத்த, inf. To confront, எதிராக்க. 2. To stir up strife, cause opposition, பகையாக்க. எதிர்ப்பாடு, v. noun. Meeting, எதிர் ப்படுகை. எதிர்ப்பாய்ச்சல், s. A contrary current; leaping in a contrary direction. எதிர்மறை, s. [in grammar.] The negative forms of expression, மறை--அ, அந், ந், கி, கு, வி, &c. are Sanscrit prefixes expressing negation. எதிர்மறைவினை, s. [in grammar.] The negative verb, மறைவினை. எதிர்முகம், s. Face to face, முகா முகம். 2. Presence, சன்னிதி. 3. Front, முன். அதற்கெதிர்மகமாக. Opposite to it. எதிர்வர, inf. To come against, to oppose, விரோதமாகவர. 2. To meet as one on leaving home meets a person (considered ominous), எதிராகவர. எதிர்வழக்கு, inf. A counter lawsuit, instituted out of revenge, எதிர்வியாச் சியம். எதிர்வாதம், s. reply, a dispute. எதிர்வாதி, s. Defendant in law, repliant, respondent, பிரதிவாதி. எதிர்வினை, s. [not com.] Negative verbs, மறைவினை. 2. Effects of the deeds of former births to be experienced, வருவினை. எதிர்வினைவிலக்கு, v. noun. [in rhetoric.] Preventing a person doing a thing by pointing out its evil consequences, ஓரலங்காரம். 46)

ēkam (p. 76) s. Unit in arithmetic, ஒன்று. 2. That which is unique, absolute, ஒப்பற் றது. 3. Solitariness, தனிமை. 4. Union, unison, உடன்பாடு. 5. The total, the whole, good and bad--great and small, altogether, மொத்தம். In this meaning it seems limited to the oblique cases. Wils. p. 17. EKA. ஏககாலத்திலே. At once, in a single act. 2. Coeval, contemporary, together. ஏகத்துக்கிருட்டு. It is very dark. என்ன, inter. What? what kind? what manner? why? யாது. 2. Participle third person plural, irrational class of the symbolic verb என், but used in common for the singular, also instead of என்னது or எற்று, குறிப்புப்பெயரெச்சம். என்னத்துக்காக. [prop. என்னதற்காக.] On what account, why? என்னத்தைக்கண்டாய். [prop. என்னதை.] What did you see? என்னென்ன. What--distributively. அதென்னவோ. What can that be? 2. I know not what. பாடல்பெறானேபலர்மெச்சவாழானே--நாடறியநன் மணங்ககணாட்டானே, பேடி--இவன்வாழும்வாழ்க்கை யிருங்கடல்சூழபாரிற்--கவிழ்ந்தென்னமல்காந்தென்கா ண். Of what utility in this sea-girt land is an hermaphrodite, whom no panegyrist has ever celebrated, and who has not obtained the praises of the multitude, nor sought fame by charitably aiding the indigent to marry? ஏ ஏகத்துக்குமூந்நூறு. Altogether three hundred. ஏகசகடு. [vul.] Altogether, in the gross, in the lump, மொத்தம். 2. Average, சரிசரிவிலை. ஏகசக்கரம், s. Sovereignty, monarchy exercised by a paramount king, ஓராழி. 2. Name of a city, ஏகச்சக்கரபுரம். Wils. p. 17. EKACHAKRA. ஏகசக்கரக்குடை, s. Independent sovereignty, monarchy, தனிக்குடை. ஏகசக்கரமாயாள, inf. To rule with supreme power. ஏகசக்கரவர்த்தி--ஏகசக்கராதிபதி, s. A paramount sovereign, a monarch, an emperor, இராசாதிராசன். 2. The Supreme Being, கடவுள். ஏகசக்கரவனம், s. A forest in which the Pandus retired for some time. ஏகசமன்--ஏகசமானம், s. Uniformity, likeness, smallness, ஒருநிகர். ஏகசரம், s. The rhinoceros, காண் டாமிருகம். Wils. p. 12. EKACHARA. ஏகசிந்தை, s. Unanimity, ஒரும னது. 2. Implicitness, singleness of purpose, undivided attention, ஒன்றிலேசெல் லுஞ்சிந்தை. ஏகசிந்தையாயிருக்க, inf. To be unanimous. 2. To be intent on, or wholly engaged in a thing. ஏகசுபாவம், s. Uniformity of disposition in a person, ஒரேதன்மை. 2. Similarity of nature in different persons, சமமானசுபாவம். ஏகதந்தன், s. Ganesa--the one tusked--the other having been broken off and cast at his foe கயமுகாசுரன் in combat, விநாயகன். Wils. p. 17. EKADANTA. (p.) ஏகதாளம், s. One of the seven kinds of தாளம், or modes of beating the drum, ஆதிதாளம். Wils. p. 17. EKATALA. எவனோவொருபேயனென்னவோபுலம்பிப்போனான். Some demoniac, who I cannot tell, has passed by, uttering his wailings--spoken in contempt; for என்னவோ, in colloquial style என்னமோ is sometimes used improperly. உனக்கவனென்னவேண்டும். How is he related to you? 6)

ēl (p. 79) ஏற்கிறேன், ஏற்றேன், ஏற்பேன், ஏற்க, v. a. To receive, accept, admit, allow in argument, concede, welcome, கொ ள்ள. 2. To agree to, assent, approve, to like, ஒப்புக்கொள்ள. 3. To adopt--as a child, a sentiment; to embrace, espouse, receive, அங்கீகரிக்க. 4. To receive alms, gifts, &c.-as a beggar, to receive in hand, பிச்சையேற்க. 5. To stretch out the hands in supplication, begging, &c., பிச்சைவாங்க. 6. To undertake, enter upon, engage in, make an engagement, கையிட. 7. To take charge of, take the responsibility of, கையேற்க. 8. To oppose in battle, meet the foe, எதிர்க்க. 9. v. n. To be suitable for, agreeable to, adapted to, appropriate, becoming, இசைவாயிருக்க. ஏற்பதிகழ்ச்சி. Begging is disgraceful. கட்டளைப்படிநடந்தால்நீயவருக்கேற்பாய். If you act according to orders you will be acceptable to him. அதுதெய்வத்திற்கேலாது. [commonly ஏராது or ஏற்கமாட்டாது.] That will not be acceptable or proper in the sight of God. இதுதிருவுளத்திற்கேற்குமா. Will this be agreeable to the divine mind? is it just? meaning it is not. இந்தப்பிரமகத்திபாதகத்தையுமேற்றுக்கொள்வாய்... And the crime of this brahmanicide you become chargeable with. எதிரேற்றதெவ்வர். The opposing foes. வீடணன்மேற்போனவேலேற்றநன்றி. The kindness of Latchmana in receiving (into his own breast) the dart thrown at Vibeeshana. ஏற்போர், s. Beggars, religious mendicants, brahmans. ஏற்றசமயம், s. A suitable or convenient time. ஏற்றபடி--ஏற்றவாறு, adv. At random, without premeditation. 2. As is fit. mete, becoming, appropriate, proper, suitable, equitable. 3. As one likes, according to one's own pleasure. ஏற்றுக்கொள்ள, inf. To receive, admit, allow, agree, to accept. 2. To undertake, engage in. 3. To take charge of, become responsible for. ஏற்க--ஏற்கவே, adv. Properly, suitably, தக. 2. [prov.] Before, முன் (also ஏற்கன, improperly). ஏற்கநடக்க, inf. To behave properly or with moral rectitude. 2. To act so as to please. ஏற்கை--ஏற்பு, v. noun. Agreement, approbation, பொருத்தம். 2. Acceptation, reception, acceptance, அங்கீகாரம். 3. Receiving alms, &c., பிச்சையேற்கை. ஏற்புழிக்கோடல், v. noun. Applying grammatical rules, definitions, &c. where they may properly apply, allowing of exceptions, exercising discretion, &c.--one of the உத்தி. ஏற்புறவணிய, inf. To dress in the proper fashion, தகவணிய. 2. To adjust a woman's garb after illicit intercourse, தலைமகளையலங்கரிக்க-- a term used in works describing the eight kinds of marriage. (p.) ஏற்றல், v. noun. Receiving, &c. 62)

kṭā (p. 87) s. The male of goats, sheep, buffaloes, ஆடு, எருமை இவற்றினாண். 2. A question, interrogation, வினா.--Note. கடாய் is sometimes improperly used for கடா, to denote a he-goat or ram. கடாக்கன்று, s. A young male buffalo. கடாக்குட்டி, s. A young male sheep. கடாத்தன்மை, s. Rashness, indiscretion, fool-hardiness, மடமை. 2. Unmannerliness, clownishness, stubbornness, disobedience, கீழ்ப்படியாமை. கடாவடி, s. A second threshing of corn performed by buffaloes. கடாவிட்டடிக்க, inf. To thresh corn a second time with buffaloes. கடாவெட்டி, s. A butcher's knife, cleaver. 36) *

kṭumpu (p. 88) s. Relations, சுற்றம். 2. A pad of straw for the head used in carrying a load, சும்மாடு. (சது.) (p.) 3. [prov. improperly for கடம்பு.] Biestings. 3)