ilingkam (p. 54) s. A sign, mark, token, symbol, அடையாளம். 2. The penis. ஆண்குறி. 3. The phallus or linga--a representation of the membra viri et mulieris used in temples as an object of worship, and regarded as deity under this emblem. It is also made of gold or silver and worn in a casket on the arm, the breast, or some other part of the body, as an amulet and as an object of veneration and worship. In both these cases it represents both sexes in conjunction, being emblematical of Siva and Sacti, or the male and female energies of the deity, சிவலிங்கம். In the Agama philosophy three lingas are mentioned; viz.: 1. Streelinga (ஸ்திரீலிங்கம்) the same as விந்து--the female linga common to male and female--including in both sexes the organs for secreting and containing the seminal fluid. 2. Purshalinga (புருட லிங்கம்) same as நாதம் (Natha) male linga, also common to both sexes, including in both sexes the genital organs for transmitting and combining the two productions essential to generation. 3. Napunchakalinga, (நபுஞ்சகம்) same as அலி, Ali or Alilinga, the neuter or rather hermaphrodite linga, being the physiological foundation of the other two, both as to their organization and functions. The image linga often bears this name; these three are distinguished by the terms அவன், அவள், அது. They are physiological and are found in such works as தத்துவக்கட்டளை, &c. There is another class of lingas called பஞ்சலிங் கம், the five lingas, popularly represented as deity under the emblems of the five elements, and worshipped in as many celebrated temples, viz.: பிருதிவிலிங்கம், earth-linga, worshipped at Canjeevara-அப்புலிங்கம், water-linga, worshipped at Tiruvanaicka--தேயுலிங்கம், fire linga, worshipped at Tiruvannamalay--வாயுலிங்கம், air-linga, worshipped at Tirukalatti-ஆகாயலிங்கம், ether-linga, worshipped at Sethumbaram. These are properly of a metaphysical or mystical character and belong to the arcana of Hinduism. The above designations are for popular use and are given from their physiological connection with the five bodies or casements of the soul, whose natural bases are the elements. earth, water, fire, air and ether, respectively. Among the initiated, the following are the terms employed, viz.: 1. ஸ்திரீலிங் கம், Streelinga--this is properly the organ entire--male and female with its functions; it is a figure (உரூபம்) the only one of the five to which form is ascribed. There is but one image, the representation of this. The சரிதை course of worship, i. e. the popular puranic course belongs to this. 2. புல்லிங்கம், this is defined to be உணர்வு; the course here is that of instruction and perception as to the action of the instrument, &c. To this belongs the கிரியை course of worship, the second great stage. 3. நபுஞ் சகலிங்கம், this is the stage of darkness, of neutrality, called the stage of darkness and doubt, and, as a course of worship, is included in the succeeding one. 4. பரமலிங் கம், this comes under the dominion of மயேச் சுரன், the concealer, and is called மறைப்பு; the course here is that of யோகம், the third great stage. 5. மகாலிங்கம், this is தெளிவு, the course of ஞானம், the last stage which exempts from births, and secures absorption in the supreme essence. Wils. p. 72. LINGA. இலிங்ககோளம், s. Glans penis. (Anat.) இலிங்கங்கட்டி--இலிங்கதாரி, s. One who wears the linga. இலிங்கசங்கமம், s. Symbols of the sexes united--probably a personification of the active energy of the deity and of matter, represented in metal. &c., or formed in the mind as objects of contemplation and worship. இலிங்கசூலை, s. A kind of venereal disease. இலிங்கபுடோல், s. The ஐவிரலி, creeper, Bryonia, L. இலிங்கபுராணம், s. One of the eighteen Puranas, புராணம்பதினெட்டிலொ ன்று. இலிங்கப்புற்று, s. A kind of venereal disease. இலிங்கரோகம், s. The venereal disease, ஆண்குறியில்வருமோர்புண். இலிங்கர்--இலிங்கிகள், s. Ascetics, Rishis who wear the Linga, சைவ தவப்பாலோர். இலிங்கி, s. An ascetic. 2. A worshipper of Siva, under the phallic emblem. 3. A hypocrite, a pretended devotee. ஸ்படிகலிங்கம், s. A linga made of quartz. பாணலிங்கம், s. A stone in the form of a linga--found in the river Nurbudda. பிரசாதலிங்கம், s. What is dedicated to Siva. பார்த்திபலிங்கம், s. Any thing assumed as an emblem of linga, and worshipped. சுயம்புலிங்கம், s. A linga supposed to be self-existent. சங்கமலிங்கம், s. A man of the Changama sect. குருலிங்கம், s. A spiritual father, a confessor. 17)

īrl (p. 58) s. The lungs, liver, spleen, and other viscera, ஈருள். ஈரல்கருக, inf. To be smitten with anguish, fear, shame, &c. ஈரல்கருகிப்போயிற்று. My liver is dried up--an expression which indicates intense anguish. ஈரல்பதற, inf. To be terrified, agitated. ஈரற்குலை, s. The liver and the parts connected with it, ஈரற்கொத்து; [ex குலை, cluster, collection.] ஈரற்குலைபதைக்க, inf. To be cut to the heart, be deeply grieved. ஈரற்குழி, s. The pit of the stomach, ஈரலுறுதானம். ஈரற்பித்து--பித்தீரல், s. The gall bladder and its contents, ஈரற்பிச்சு. நீரீரல், s. The kidneys. கல்லீரல், s. Liver. நுரையீரல்--வெள்ளீரல், s. Lungs. வாளீரல்--மண்ணீரல், s. Spleen. 23)

kruku (p. 96) கிறேன், கருகினேன், வேன், கருக, v. n. To be scorched, scarred, to darken, blacken by fire or the sun, to be tanned--as the countenance; to turn brown and sickly--as growing corn, &c.; to wither from want of water, to be burnt to tinder. சிரங்குகருகிப்போயிற்று. The itch is cured (dried, &c.). கொப்புளங்கருகிப்போயிற்று. The pustule is dried up. மருந்தெண்ணெய்கருகிப்போயிற்று. The medicinal oil is burnt. பயறுகருகிப்போயிற்று. The pulse is burnt in parching. கருகுமாலை, s. The dim evening twilight, மாலைவெளிச்சம். பல்லுக்கருக, inf. To turn dark as the teeth of a person on his death-bed-an indication of approaching death. முகங்கருக, inf. To darken--as the countenance from fear, anger, &c. மனங்கருக, inf. To be displeased, to have the affection alienated. உதடுகருக, inf. To become dried --as the lip. பயிர்கருக, inf. To become sickly --as growing corn. பொரியல்கருக, inf. To be burnt-as dried food. ஈரற்கருக, inf. To be smitten with anguish, fear, shame, &c. கருகல், s. Rice, curry, &c., burnt in cooking, கரிந்தது. 2. Betel leaves, grain or other vegetation scorched and blackened by the sun, கருகிப்போனது. 3. Obscurity in language, abstruseness, மறைபொருளானது. 4. Dimness of the evening twilight, dusk, மாலைவெளிச்சம். 5. v. noun. Being partially charred, or scorched, scarred, embrowned, tanned, தீதல். கருகலானபொரியல், s. A burnt stew or fry. கருகல்வெற்றிலை, s. Betel leaves tanned by the sun. கருகற்சோறு, s. Burnt rice. கருகற்புண், s. A healed or dried sore. 123)

kārukapattiyam (p. 104) s. One of the three sacred fires--that which is maintained by the householder as received from his father and transmitted to his descendants or successors, from which fire is taken for sacrificial purposes, வேதாக்கினிமூன்றிலொன்று. See தீ. Wils. p. 288. GARHAPATYA. 126) *

kuẕippu (p. 129) s. (See under the verb, குழி.) A peculiar harmonic rhythm in verse, in which the மோனை rhyming of the metrical feet are discarded, but the correspondence of the letters, or syllables, ending each foot and beginning the next forms a pleasing hormony--as in the following: அணியுடன்றபரி, பரியுடன்றகரி, கரியுடன்றகொடி, யணியுதேர்--மணியுடன்றதனு, தனுவுடன்றகணை, கணை யுடன்றகரை, மலிதாப் பிணியுடன்றவம, ரமருடன்றவு ட, லுடலுடன்றவுயிர், பிரிதாப்--பணியுடன்றகுய, வுய ருடன்றபடை, படையுடன்றமறை, யாசனால். The horses chafed on their bits--The elephants were rendered impetuous by the horses--The cars, decked with flags, were violently propelled by the elephants--The bows tinkled with their bells--The arrows were shot forth from the bows--The blood gushed from the arrows' wounds--The battle fiercely raged--The bodies were sore smitten in the battle--The souls separated and fled from the bodies. Thus the pious chief (Joshua), high raised on his jewel-decked chariot, vanquished the opposing hosts. Here, the feet are not regarded, but குழிப்பு forms the harmony. The variety used is தனதனந்ததன--தனதனந்ததன--தனதனந்த தன--தனதனா. (Besch. Shen. Tam. Gram.) 2)

campiratāyam (p. 164) s. Tradition, traditional communications--as of a doctrine; knowledge transmitted orally from teacher to teacher and established as of divine authority--such as the meaning of the Vedas, Agamas and other sacred books, குருபாரம் பரியம். (சிவ. ஞா.) 2. Customs and manners --as of a tribe; usage, observance, குலாசாரம். (p.) W. p. 93. SAMPRADAYA. 3. Skill, dexterity, cleverness, address, சாமர்த்தியம். 4. [vul.] Artfulness, shrewdness, cunning management, சாதுரியம். (c.) சம்பிரதாயக்காரன்--சம்பிரதாயஸ்தன், s. A skilful man. 2. One who regards traditions. சம்பிரதாயமாய்ப்பேச, inf. To speak on a subject artfully so as not to entrap one's self, or be defeated by an opponent. சம்பிரதாயவழக்கு, s. Traditionary usage. (p.) சம்பிரதாயவித்தை, s. Art and cunning. சம்பிரதாயவிளக்கம், s. A treatise on Elocution, ஓர்பிரபந்தம். கைச்சம்பிரதாயம், s. Manual dexterity. குருசம்பிரதாயம், s. Oral instruction from a guru. See குரு. வாய்ச்சம்பிரதாயம், s. Cleverness in talking, eloquence--sometimes in reproach. வித்தில்லாச் சம்பிரதாய மேலுமில்லைக் கீழுமில்லை. Nothing above or below comes without seed (without a cause)--spoken of an ostentatious display of importance, or sagacity, without foundation from ancestry, &c. 37) *