a (p. 1) The first letter of the Tamil alphabet, முதலெழுத்து. 2. A demonstrative prefix, சுட்டெழுத்து, as, அக்கொற்றன் for அந்தக்கொற்றன். 3. Termination of the neuter plural of verbs, அஃறிணைப்பன்மைவிகுதி, as, வந்தன. 4. A sign of the 6th case followed by plural nouns, as, தனகைகள். 5. An interposed vowel, சாரியை, as in எனக்கு. 6. Sign of the number 8. எட் டென்னும் எண்ணின்குறி. 7. A vowel affix to every consonant not a mute, மெய்யெழுத்துக் களையியக்கும் சாரியை. 8. A privative prefix from the Sanscrit, as, ஞானம், அஞ்ஞானம். 2)

akccuṭṭu (p. 1) s. The demonstrative prefixes, அ, இ and உ, when they form part of the word with which they are connected; as, அவன், இவன், உவன்; ex அகம், interior, et சுட்டு. 20) *

akaṭam (p. 1) s. [priv. அ et கடம், justice.] Injustice, அநீதி. 2. A wile, trick, விகடம். (c.) அகடவிகடம், s. Chicanery, stratagem, treachery, circumlocution, தட்டு மாற்று. *அகடன், s. An unjust, deceitful, treacherous man. 21) *

akṇi (p. 1) s. Interior, as of the fibrous part of the bark of a tree, உள். 2. An inland, agricultural, rice district, மரு தநிலம். (p.) 25) *

akṇṭi (p. 1) s. A kind of musical instrument, ஓர்வாச்சியம். (p.) 29) *

akattiyaṉ (p. 2) --அகஸ்தியன், s. A poet and sage celebrated in the Ramayanam, Skandam and other works of antiquity. He is regarded as the former of the Tamil language which he is said to have learned of Skanda the son of Siva. He is also the reputed author of several works, still extant, in whole or in part, in the Tamil language; such as, a Grammar, Materia Medica, a work on Astrology, Astronomy, and several essays on the unity of the divine being, as opposed to the popular system of polytheism, &c. He is regarded as the son of both Mythra and Varuna by Urvasi; is represented to be of very short stature, and to have been born in a water jar. He is famed for having compressed and swallowed the ocean, for the sake of the celestials. Other wonderful stories are also told of him, and received with undoubted credence. He is considered as the regent of the star Canopus, குறுமுனி. Wils. p. 5. AGASTYA. அகத்தியர்குழம்பு, s. A famous compound cathartic. See குழம்பு. 6)

akppāṭṭuṟuppu (p. 2) s. The twelve members of அகப்பொருள் or அகத்திணை, viz. 1. இயல்பகத்திணை. Method of defining a thing or showing its nature, quality, &c. 2. வகையகத்திணை. Amplification, or detailing at large what has been said briefly. 3. பொதுவகத்திணை. The rule for summing up or recapitulating. 4. சிறப்பகத்திணை. The rule for discriminating, or explaining the difference of things. 5. உவமவகத்திணை. The rule for illustrating a subject by metaphors, comparisons, &c. 6. புறநிலையகத்திணை. The rule for exemplifying a subject by examples. 7. எதிர்நிலையகத்திணை. The rule for elucidating a circumstance by its opposite. 8. காரண or கருவியகத்திணை. Showing the condition or quality of a thing by its orginal cause. 9. காரியவகத்திணை. Proving a thing by its effects. 1. காரகவகத்திணை. The rule for relating an action, event, &c., to which belong the following:-- 1. செய்பவன், who. 2. செய்தொழில், what. 3. கருவிகள், by what helps. 4. பயன், why. 5. இடம் or நிலம், where. 6. காலம், when. 7. திறன், in what manner or how. 11. முன்னவையகத்திணை. The rule for foretelling events from signs. 12. பின்னவையகத்திணை. The rule for foretelling the consequences of any action. (p.) 17)

akppēyccittṉ (p. 2) s. The author of a poem on abstract devotion. See சித்தன். 20)

akpporuḷ (p. 2) s. [ex. அகம், mind, et பொருள்.] Rules for amatory poems, அ கப்பொருள்விதி. 2. Rules for reasoning, தர்க் கவிதி. 3. mental enjoyments in love, இன் பம். 4. A book treating of mental delectation, ஓரிலக்கணம். அகப்பொருள் is developed in these three constituents, viz., 1. முதற்பொருள், primary arrangements of nature with regard to (a) நிலம், soil, in five varieties, and (b) பொழுது, time in two grand divisions. 2. கருப்பொருள், natural peculiarities incidental to each of the divisions of the soil under 14 heads viz., (a) ஆரணங்கு, peculiar gods belonging to a place, tutelary deities or penates, (b) உயர்ந் தோர், chiefs or lords of the district, (c) இழிந்தோர், subjects or inhabitants under them, (d) புள், birds, (e) விலங்கு, beasts, (f) ஊர், city or town, (g) நீர், water, (h) பூ, flowers, (i) மரம். trees, (j) உணா, food, (k) பறை, drum, (l) யாழ், musical instruments, (m) பண், tune, and (n) தொழில், occupation, trade or mode of earning a livelihood. 3. உரிப்பொருள், essential characteristics of lovers. The subject matter of this treatise, to which the two former are auxiliary or conducive, is developed in five dispositions or actions, either mental or coporal, viz., (a) புணர்தல், union or the state in which husbands and wives are together in their family, (b) பிரிதல், separation when for lawful purposes, (c) இருத்தல், the state in which they continue solitary, especially the bride, (d) ஊடல், love quarrels, (e) இ ரங்கல், weeping and lamentation in any period of their life for any cause. These five characteristics are respectively ascribed to the above five species of soil, as appropriately adapted to their nature, as புணர்தல் to குறிஞ்சி, பிரிதல் to பாலை, இருத்தல் to முல்லை, ஊடல் to மருதம், and இரங்கல் to நெய்தல். இந் த ஐந்து ஒழுக்கத்தையுங்குறித்துப் பாடும்பொழுது அத தற்குக்குறித்த திணையிலுள்ள கருப்பொருள்களையெடுத் துப் பாடுதன்முறையாம். (p.) அகப்பொருட்கோவை, s. A poem which treats of அகப்பொருள். 22) *

akaram (p. 2) s. The name of the letter அ, ஓரெழுத்து. 2. A suffix of consonants, ஒற் யெழுத்தின்சாரியை, as மகரம். 3. A town or village in an agricultural district, மருதநிலத் தூர். 4. A village of brahmins, பார்ப்பனச்சேரி. 5. Mercury, quicksilver, இரதம். (M. Dic.) 32) *

akluḷ (p. 2) s. Breadth, extension, அக லம். 2. Town, willage, ஊர். 3. A country, inhabited district, நாடு. 4. Greatness, honor, பெருமை. (p.) 44)

akāri (p. 3) s. A name of the Deity, க டவுள்; ex அகம், sin, அரி, destroyer. 3) *

akālam (p. 3) s. [priv. அ et காலம்.] Unseasonableness, untimeliness, பருவமின் மை. 2. (p.) Unlimited duration, அளவில் காலம். 3. (c.) Time of affliction or distress from want of food, பஞ்சகாலம். Wils. p. 2. AKALA. அகாலமிருத்து, s. Untimely death. 5) *

akōttiram (p. 3) s. [priv. அ.] Want of ancestry, i. e. of a bad descent, குல மின்மை, (p.) 27) *

akōrai (p. 3) s. An astrological division of the day into sections of one hour, or two and a half nalikies each, in which the seven planets reign successively, succeeding each other once in every cycle of seven hours. The order of succession is as follows, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. From this it follows as a matter of course, that the planet which gives name to the day commences its reign at sun-rise, ஓரையினுட்பிரிவு. 31)