akattiyaṉ (p. 2) --அகஸ்தியன், s. A poet and sage celebrated in the Ramayanam, Skandam and other works of antiquity. He is regarded as the former of the Tamil language which he is said to have learned of Skanda the son of Siva. He is also the reputed author of several works, still extant, in whole or in part, in the Tamil language; such as, a Grammar, Materia Medica, a work on Astrology, Astronomy, and several essays on the unity of the divine being, as opposed to the popular system of polytheism, &c. He is regarded as the son of both Mythra and Varuna by Urvasi; is represented to be of very short stature, and to have been born in a water jar. He is famed for having compressed and swallowed the ocean, for the sake of the celestials. Other wonderful stories are also told of him, and received with undoubted credence. He is considered as the regent of the star Canopus, குறுமுனி. Wils. p. 5. AGASTYA. அகத்தியர்குழம்பு, s. A famous compound cathartic. See குழம்பு. 6)

aṭkkm (p. 7) s. Restraint, repression, compression, அடங்குகை. 2. Subordination, submission, கீழ்ப்படிவு. 3. Restraining the senses, self-control, forbearance, பொறியொ டுக்கம். 4. Continency, command over the appetites, temperance, modesty, chlastity, good behaviour, இச்சையடக்கம். 5. Concealment, sepulture, interment of a dead body, பிரேதமடக்குகை. 6. Retiredness, reservedness silence, taciturnity, மௌனம். 7. Contents of a box, &c., that which is comprehended, அடங்கியது. 8. Contents of a book, &c., epitome, abstract, summary, import, substance, பொழிப்பு. 9. Shrinking, compressing,--as a tortoise its members; reduction, condensation, compression, &c. of the powers of the mind, syncope from snake bite, &c., ஒடுக்கம். 1. [prov.] Fireworks in layers, producing successive discharges, பாணம். 11. Treasure kept in concealment, or laid by unobserved by others, புதைபொருள். 12. Erudition, profound knowledge connected with paucity of words and gravity of manners, மிக்கறிவு; (ex) அடக்கு or அடங்கு. அடக்கமெழும்ப, inf. To revive as from the stupor caused by the bite of a snake, a fit, &c. அடக்கம்பண்ண, inf. To bury, inter, entomb. 53)

aṭkku (p. 7) கிறேன், அடக்கினேன், வேன், அடக்க, v. a. To subject, control, curb, bring to order--as foes, &c., compress, coerce, restrain, tame, break--as a horse--constrain, repress, cause to recede, bring one to terms, to still, compose, கீழ்ப் படுத்த. 2. To reduce, lessen, condense, abbreviate, குறைக்க. 3. To deposit, conceal, stow away, cover, inter, infold, புதைக்க. 4. To contain, hold, கொள்ள. 5. To encroach upon, seize unjustly, கவர. 6. To engross, monopolize, கைவசஞ்செய்ய. 7. To embody, incorporate, திரட்ட. அடக்கி, s. A taciturn person, one who conceals his real circumstances, ability, &c. 55)

aṭngku (p. 7) கிறேன், அடங்கினேன், வேன், அடங்க, v. n. To obey, yield, become subject to, be subdued, கீழ்ப்படிய. 2. To shrink, become compressed, be reduced in size or vigor, be crammed into, condensed, குறைய. 3. To recede, be repressed, suppressed, restrained, ஒதுங்க. 4. To settle, subside, be laid--as dust, அமைய. 5. To be embodied, incorporated, திரள. 6. To be reduced low--as the system when near death, &c., சாக, ஒடுங்க. அடங்கல், s. All, the whole, மு ழுமை. புரமடங்கலுந்தெறுகணை. The arrow which destroyed the whole of the three cities. (In காந்தம்.) அடங்கலர்--அடங்காதார், s. Foes, insubordinate persons, பகைவர். (p.) அடங்கன்முறை, s. A book which treats of the ceremonies of the Saiva sect, தேவாரம். அடங்காப்பற்று--அடங்கார்பதி, s. A rebellious province, கீழ்ப்படியாதார் இருக் கும் ஊர். அடங்காமாரி, s. An audacious, contumacious, insubordinate woman, மு ரண்டானவள். அடங்காமை, neg. v. noun. Insubordinateness, rudeness, haughtiness, untractableness, கீழ்ப்படியாமை. அடங்காவாரிதி, s. Urine, மூத்தி ரம். 2. Sea salt, கடலுப்பு. பிராணனடங்க, inf. To faint, be in a trance as dead. 56)

aṭaiyāḷm (p. 8) s. Mark, sign, symbol, emblem, representation, இலாஞ்சனம். 27)

amrttu (p. 19) கிறேன், அமர்த்தினேன், வேன், அமர்்த்த, v. a. To make quiet, tranquillize, settle, make steady, quell, mitigate, appease, &c., அடக்க. 2. To press down, put or keep down, (a person or thing inclined to rise,) put or hold down, suppress or curb pride, anger, &c., repress, restrain, அமரச்செய்ய. (c.) 3. To prepare, எத்தனம்பண்ண. 4. To engage, employ, ஏற்ப டுத்த. 5. v. n. to engage in battle, பொர. (p.) பூசைக்குவேண்டியவைகளையமர்த்தினான். He has prepared things necessary for the puja. பந்தியமர்த்த, inf. To seat a company in rows at a feast. 23) *

āngkiracaṉ (p. 36) --ஆங்கிரன--ஆங்கி ரா, s. One of the seven Rishis, represented by the seven stars forming the constellation of the great bear, சத்தவிருடிக ளிலொருவன். 23) *

āy (p. 40) கிறேன், ந்தேன், வேன், ஆய, v. a. To select, choose, cull, தெரிந்தெடுக்க. 2. To separate, garble, pick out the refuse --as stones from rice, withered leaves from greens, &c., களைந்துவிட. 3. To inquire, investigate, examine, consider, reflect, determine after investigation, ஆராய. (p.) 4. [prov.] To gather, pluck, nip off, பறிக்க. ஆய்ந்தோய்ந்துபாராதான் றான்சாவக்கடவன். He who does a thing inconsiderately should suffer loss. மணற்சோற்றிலேகல்லாய்தல். Selecting stones from the sand, represented as rice, by children in play. This is used for expressing that a writing, &c. is full of blunders. கீரையிற்புல்லாய்தல். Picking grass out of pot-herbs, when boiled and dished. ஆயாநெல், s. Rice uncleaned, unsifted. ஆயுமுதியோர், s. The aged who should be cared for. (p.) ஆயும்யாழ்முனி, s. The sage skilful on the lyre--Narada, நாரதர். (p.) ஆய்ந்தோர், s. Persons of knowledge and research, சான்றோர். 2. Brahmans, பார்ப்பார். (p.) ஆய்மதி, s. Intelligence. (p.) ஆய்மயில், s. A beautiful pea-cock. (p.) ஆய்மலர், s. Selected flower. 2. Lotus-flower. (p.) ஆய், v. noun. Searching, selecting. (p.) ஆய்தல், v. noun. Being nice, fine, subtle, minute, நுட்பமாய்ப் பார்த்தல். 2. Silent contemplation of the deity, தியா னித்தல். (p.) ஆய்வு, v. noun. Investigation, examination, attention, &c., ஆராய்ச்சி. (p.) 12)

āvuṭaiyār (p. 43) s. The lingum representing both sexes, பானவட்டம். 42) *

ilingkam (p. 54) s. A sign, mark, token, symbol, அடையாளம். 2. The penis. ஆண்குறி. 3. The phallus or linga--a representation of the membra viri et mulieris used in temples as an object of worship, and regarded as deity under this emblem. It is also made of gold or silver and worn in a casket on the arm, the breast, or some other part of the body, as an amulet and as an object of veneration and worship. In both these cases it represents both sexes in conjunction, being emblematical of Siva and Sacti, or the male and female energies of the deity, சிவலிங்கம். In the Agama philosophy three lingas are mentioned; viz.: 1. Streelinga (ஸ்திரீலிங்கம்) the same as விந்து--the female linga common to male and female--including in both sexes the organs for secreting and containing the seminal fluid. 2. Purshalinga (புருட லிங்கம்) same as நாதம் (Natha) male linga, also common to both sexes, including in both sexes the genital organs for transmitting and combining the two productions essential to generation. 3. Napunchakalinga, (நபுஞ்சகம்) same as அலி, Ali or Alilinga, the neuter or rather hermaphrodite linga, being the physiological foundation of the other two, both as to their organization and functions. The image linga often bears this name; these three are distinguished by the terms அவன், அவள், அது. They are physiological and are found in such works as தத்துவக்கட்டளை, &c. There is another class of lingas called பஞ்சலிங் கம், the five lingas, popularly represented as deity under the emblems of the five elements, and worshipped in as many celebrated temples, viz.: பிருதிவிலிங்கம், earth-linga, worshipped at Canjeevara-அப்புலிங்கம், water-linga, worshipped at Tiruvanaicka--தேயுலிங்கம், fire linga, worshipped at Tiruvannamalay--வாயுலிங்கம், air-linga, worshipped at Tirukalatti-ஆகாயலிங்கம், ether-linga, worshipped at Sethumbaram. These are properly of a metaphysical or mystical character and belong to the arcana of Hinduism. The above designations are for popular use and are given from their physiological connection with the five bodies or casements of the soul, whose natural bases are the elements. earth, water, fire, air and ether, respectively. Among the initiated, the following are the terms employed, viz.: 1. ஸ்திரீலிங் கம், Streelinga--this is properly the organ entire--male and female with its functions; it is a figure (உரூபம்) the only one of the five to which form is ascribed. There is but one image, the representation of this. The சரிதை course of worship, i. e. the popular puranic course belongs to this. 2. புல்லிங்கம், this is defined to be உணர்வு; the course here is that of instruction and perception as to the action of the instrument, &c. To this belongs the கிரியை course of worship, the second great stage. 3. நபுஞ் சகலிங்கம், this is the stage of darkness, of neutrality, called the stage of darkness and doubt, and, as a course of worship, is included in the succeeding one. 4. பரமலிங் கம், this comes under the dominion of மயேச் சுரன், the concealer, and is called மறைப்பு; the course here is that of யோகம், the third great stage. 5. மகாலிங்கம், this is தெளிவு, the course of ஞானம், the last stage which exempts from births, and secures absorption in the supreme essence. Wils. p. 72. LINGA. இலிங்ககோளம், s. Glans penis. (Anat.) இலிங்கங்கட்டி--இலிங்கதாரி, s. One who wears the linga. இலிங்கசங்கமம், s. Symbols of the sexes united--probably a personification of the active energy of the deity and of matter, represented in metal. &c., or formed in the mind as objects of contemplation and worship. இலிங்கசூலை, s. A kind of venereal disease. இலிங்கபுடோல், s. The ஐவிரலி, creeper, Bryonia, L. இலிங்கபுராணம், s. One of the eighteen Puranas, புராணம்பதினெட்டிலொ ன்று. இலிங்கப்புற்று, s. A kind of venereal disease. இலிங்கரோகம், s. The venereal disease, ஆண்குறியில்வருமோர்புண். இலிங்கர்--இலிங்கிகள், s. Ascetics, Rishis who wear the Linga, சைவ தவப்பாலோர். இலிங்கி, s. An ascetic. 2. A worshipper of Siva, under the phallic emblem. 3. A hypocrite, a pretended devotee. ஸ்படிகலிங்கம், s. A linga made of quartz. பாணலிங்கம், s. A stone in the form of a linga--found in the river Nurbudda. பிரசாதலிங்கம், s. What is dedicated to Siva. பார்த்திபலிங்கம், s. Any thing assumed as an emblem of linga, and worshipped. சுயம்புலிங்கம், s. A linga supposed to be self-existent. சங்கமலிங்கம், s. A man of the Changama sect. குருலிங்கம், s. A spiritual father, a confessor. 17)

ungkrikk (p. 59) --உங்காரிக்க, inf. To reprove, menace, scold, reprehend, அத ட்ட. 2. To utter a kind of grunt in token of disapprobation, உம்மெனவெருள. (p.) 28)

ungkāram (p. 59) s. The utterance of the particle உம், in token of displeasure, or to intimidate another, உம்மெனவெகுள்கை. 2. Menace, reproof, reprehension, roaring, bellowing, அதட்டுகை. Wils. p. 977. HUNKARA. 3. The buzzing of bees, வண்டி னொலி. (p.) உங்காரத்தினுரப்புமோதையாள். She who thundered out the menacing உம். (ஸ்காந்தம்.) உங்காரமதுகரங்கள். The humming, buzzing bees. (பாரதம்.) 27)

upāyam (p. 62) s. Means, contrivance, expedient, device, good or bad, skill in accomplishing an object, சூழ்ச்சி. 2. Stratagem, artifice, craft, shift, art, cunning, shuffling, intrigue, தந்திரம். 3. The means for bringing an enemy to terms, of which four are enumerated, viz.: 1. சாமம், conciliatory measures. 2. பேதம், sowing dissension. 3. தானம், gifts, presents. 4. தண் டம், chastisement, punishment (by war), அரசர்க்குரியவுபாயம். 4. [vul.] Smallness, சொ ற்பம். Wils. p. 16. UPAYA. உபாயக்காரன்--உபாயி, s. An artful person, a schemer, contriver, தந்திரக்காரன். உபாயஞ்சூழ, inf. To contrive, scheme. உபாயஞ்சொல்ல, inf. To give counsel. உபாயதந்திரம், s. Devices, craftiness, subtility. உபாயமானவிளையாட்டு, s. Artful cheating in play. உபாயம்பண்ண, inf. To adopt stratagems, to contrive, employ address, use means. உபாயவிலக்கு, s. [in rhetoric.] Artfully endeavoring to prevent an act, by representing the evil which will happen to one's self--as when a wife dissuades her husband from leaving her by declaring that, in case he does, she must die, ஓரலங்காரம். உபாயோபாயம், s. Various means or artifices. 2. Cunning for cunning in retaliation, &c. மோட்சம்பெறுமுபாயம்--மோட் சோபாயம், s. Means for obtaining eternal bliss. 52)

urakam (p. 63) --உரங்கம்--உரங்கமம், s. A snake, serpent, பாம்பு. Wils. p. 162. URAGA and URANGA, also URANGAMA. (p.) உரகபந்தம்--உரகபந்தனம், s. One of the curious kinds of poems called மிறைக்கவி. See நாகபந்தம். உரகமல்லி, s. The நாகமல்லி plant, Justicia nasuta, L. உரகர், s. [as நாகர்.] Snakes, serpents. 2. Samanar, or Jainas, a sect of Hindus, சமணர். (p.) உரகன், s. The chief of the நாகர் serpents said to have a thousand heads and to be the couch of Vishnu; the earth is represented as supported on one of its heads, ஆதிசேஷன். (p.) உரகாரி, s. Garuda, கருடன். Wils. p. 162. URAGARE. உரகாதிபன்--உரகேந்திரன், s. The chief of the serpents, அதிசேஷன். 29)

urupu (p. 65) s. Form, shape, வடிவம். 2. [in grammar.] A class of particles comprising four kinds, viz.: 1. வேற்றுமையு ருபு, the particles which form the declensions. 2. வினையுருபு, those that form the inflections of verbs including three species, (a) விகுதி, verbal terminations. (b.) இடை நிலை, characteristics of tense and several other intervening particles in the formation of verbs, derivative nouns, &c. 3. சாரியை, auxiliary, component particles employed in the formation of the two classes of verbs. 4. ஒப்புருபு, particles of terms of comparison. 5. The relative participles, ஆகிய, ஆன, &c., affixed to nouns to make adjectives of them. உருபுத்தொகை, s. The suppression of the characteristics of the cases --as மரநுனி. உருபுப்புணர்ச்சி, s. Sand'hi--the union of the particles of inflections with nouns and pronouns, வேற்றுமையுருபுமுதலிய புணர்கை. உருபுமயக்கம், s. The use of one case for another--as the dative for the local ablative, &c., வேற்றுமையுருபுமாறுகை. அமுதம்பூவையைக்கிள்ளையையருத்தி. Feeding the minor and parrot with milk--here the objectives are used for the dative. (நைட.) உருபுமாலை, s. Declension of nouns. உருபுவிரி, s. The expression of the case--as மாத்தினுனி. உவமையுருபு, s. A particle of comparison--as மதிபோலுமுகம், face like the moon. சொல்லுருபு, s. The use of a word for a particle representing the case--as, தடிகொண்டடித்தான், He beat with a stick-here கொண்டு is used for ஆல்; அவனைக்காட் டிலும்வலியன். This person is more powerful than the other. 23) *