aḥtu (p. 1) dem. That thing, the thing distant from the speaker, அஃறிணை யொரு மைச்சுட்டு. (p.) 10)

acarīri (p. 5) s. [priv. அ et சரீரி.] An incorporeal being, a spirit, voice or word spoken from the skies, the speaker being invisible, ஆகாசவாணி. 87)

atu (p. 12) pro. That thing, it, the thing remote from the speaker, அஃது. 2. A form of the sixth or possessive case singular, ஆறாவதனொருமையுருபு; as அவனதுகை, His hand. அதுவே. That very thing. அதற்கப்புறம். Beyond that, further, besides. அததற்கு. To each respectively. அதற்குள், adv. Within that, it, &c. 2. By the time, in that, within that time, in the mean time. அதேதென்றால், I (you) ask holy that (is) for, because, wherefore. 3) *

avai (p. 31) . pron. neut. pl. They, those things, அஃறிணைப்பன்மைச்சுட்டுப்பெயர். 2. s. An assembly of poets or learned men, a council of state, சவை. 3. An assembly in a public office, கூட்டம். 4. Poets, புலவர். 5. The place of an assembly, a king's court, அம்பலம்; [ex அ, et வை.] (p.) அவையாவன. Such as, they are. அவையடக்கம், s. The professed modesty of an author, or the apology he makes in entering on his work, in order to disarm criticism. 2. The modest behavior of a speaker or singer in a public assembly. 24)

ukam (p. 58) s. Any one of the four Yugas, an age of the world. (See யுகம்.) 2. (p.) End, முடிவு. 3. A pair, a couple, இரண்டு. உகமுடிந்தாற்போலேபேசுகிறாய். Thou speakest as if the world were at an end. உகசந்தி, s. The meeting of two Yugas--the end of the preceding and beginning of the following. ஈன்றவணிமை, s. The time immediately after calving--spoken of a cow. 2. The tenderness, delicacy, &c. of a new-born animal, கன்றினிளமை. 3. The tenderness, weakness, &c. of an animal that has recently brought forth young, இளங்கொற்றியின்பச்சுடம்பு. ஈன்றவள்--ஈன்றாள், s. A mother, தாய். 2. Parvati--as the genetrix of the worlds, பார்வதி. (p.) ஈன்றவன்--ஈன்றான், s. A father, genetor, generator, பிதா. 2. The god Brahma--as creator, பிர்மன். (p.) ஈனல், s. An ear of corn, கதிர். (p.) 2. v. noun. Yeaning, bringing forth, ஈனுகை. ஈன்றல். A verbal in the past form of ஈனுதல. (p.) இன்சொல்லினிதீன்றல். Courteous speech yields pleasure. (குறள்.) ஈற்று, v. noun. Bringing forth, ஈனுகை. 2. s. That which is brought forth, whether animal or vegetable, ஈனப் பட்டது. தலையீற்று--முதலீற்று, s. The first calving; also the first calf, the firstling. ஓரீற்றா, s. A cow that has calved but once. 46)

uṇrttu (p. 59) கிறேன், உணர்த்தினேன், வேன், உணர்த்த, v. a. To teach, instruct, explain, cause to feel, perceive, understand, to enlighten, impart knowledge, to convince, கற்பிக்க. 2. To declare, treat of a subject--as a speaker or author, அறிவிக்க. 3. To conciliate the other party--as man or wife, to recover the affections--as lovers after love quarrels, ஊடறீர்க்க; [ex உணர். v.] (p.) கலந்துணர்த்துங்காதலற்கண்டாற்புலந்துணராய்பொ ய்க்காய்வுகாய்தியென்னெஞ்சு. O my heart, if thou once again behold thy husband, who by love can conciliate thee, thou wilt no longer maintain thy feigned opposition. (குறள்.) ஊடியவரையுணர்த்தாமை. Not conciliating your concubine. (குறள்.) 115)

uḷḷm (p. 67) s. The mind, heart--as the seat of the passions, மனம். 2. Thought, intention, கருத்து. 3. (p.) Energy, purpose, will, முயற்சி. 4. Meaning of a word or passage, வாக்கியத்தின்கருத்து. உள்ளக்களிப்பு, s. Heart-felt joy, மனமகிழ்ச்சி. உள்ளக்குறிப்பு, s. The secret thought or desire of a person, not expressed in words, அகக்குறிப்பு. 2. Meaning, or intention of a speaker or writer, not evident from his words, உட்கருத்து. 3. The secret or special object which one has in view, உண்ணோக்கம. உள்ளத்திலேவைக்க, inf. To conceal in the mind, to keep secret. உள்ளத்துறைவோன், s. God, கட வுள். (p.) உள்ளத்துறைவாயுணர்கிற்றிலையே. Oh! thou who possessest my heart, thou hast not noticed my pangs. (நைட.) உள்ளப்புணர்ச்சி, s. Imaginary gratification of lust, கருத்துப்புணர்ச்சி--opp. to மெய்யுறுபுணர்ச்சி. உள்ளமிகுதி, s. Energy, determination, resolution, courage, joy, உள்ளக் கிளர்ச்சி. 57)

uvṉ (p. 66) pron. (fem. உவள், pl. உவர்.) He, this man (intermediate), spoken of one between the speaker and a more distant person, சுட்டுச்சொல். See உ. 89) *

eṉ (p. 75) கிறேன், றேன், பேன், என்ன, v. a. To say, name, pronounce, express, do, indicate, either by words or signs, expressed, or implied, என்றுசொல்ல. This is the common form for quotation, in which sense it generally occurs in all its various uses. In the infinitive and other parts it is commonly found with one ன் only. என்கு. I say. என்கும். We say. என்ப--என்பர்--என்மர்--என்மனார்--என்றிசினோ ர். They say, they may say, some say, &c. அப்படியென்கிறான். So he says. 2. He does so (the speaker making the sign or sound intended). இல்லையென்கிறேன். I say no-implying impatience, displeasure, emphasis, &c. பணமில்லையென்கிறான். He says he has no money. போவென்கிறேன். I tell you to go, lit. I say go, and implying I have said so before. அவனைப்போவென்னப்போகிறான். When I say go, he goes. காமதேனுவென்கிறபசு. The cow (of the supernals) called Kamadhanu. நானென்னுமெண்ணம். Self conceit, consequence. என்பவன், appel. n. He who says so. 2. He who is called so. பெரியானென்பவன். Perian, or he who is called Perian. ஆவென்ன, inf. To open the mouth, lit. to say ஆ. ஈயென்ன, inf. To show the teeth, lit. to say ஈ. என்பிக்க, inf. To cause another to say, to prove, சொல்லுவிக்க. அதையவன்வாயினாலேயுமக்கென்பிப்பேன். I will prove it to you from his mouth. என்று. The gerund of the verb என், used instead of என the infinitive (which is the poetic usage in this connexion), it serves to end a quotation and to connect it with the following part of the sentence, in which case it often corresponds to the conjunction that, வினையெச்சம். அவனையடித்தேனென்றுசொன்னான். He said that he struck him, lit. he said, I struck him. Note 1st. In connexion with appropriate verbs, என்று, and என often mean to expect, to think, imagine, to suppose, to pretend, to desire, எண்ணுதல் or some such verb being implied; பணந் தெய்வமென்றுநடக்கிறான், he makes money his god; அதுபுகையென்றிருந்தேன், I thought it was smoke, I took it for smoke; அவர்வருவாரென்றிருக்கிறேன், I expect him to come; அவன்சொன்னானென்றுவந்தாயா, have you came because he told you?--Note 2d. According to நன்னூல், என்று and என are இடைச்சொல் or particles, with several specific uses, the other parts of the verb are or may be included. 1. With பெயர் or names; அழுக்காறெனவொரு பாவி, the sinner called envy. (குறள்.) 2. With குறிப்பு or symbolic forms; சிக்கென வூன்றியவேர், the root which has taken firm hold; திடீரெனவந்தான், he came suddenly. 3. With இசை or (imitative) sounds; ஒல்லெனவொலித்தது, it sounded ஒல்; அடுக் கு or repititive symbolic terms are included in this class; படபடென்றுநடுங்கி னான், he trembled (shook, shivered, &c.) greatly; சுஃஃறென்னுந்தண்டோட்டுப்பெண் ணை, the palmyras whose green leaves rustled (emitted the sound of சுஃஃறு). 4. With எண் enumeration, in which they are equivalent to the copulative conjunction; சாத்தனெனக்கொற்றனெனப்பூதனெ னமூவரும்வந்தார், Sattan, Kottan and Bhuta came; தேனென்றுபாலென்றுவமையில்லாமொழி, words unequalled (in sweetness) by honey or milk. 5. With பண்பு or symbolic terms expressive of quality and intensity; சிவேரெனச்சிவந்தது, it reddened to a crimson; வெள்ளெனவா, come in the grey of the morning; வெள்ளெனவி ளர்த்தது, it became very white.--Note 3d. என்று and என also serve to express similitude, like, as, &c.; புலியெனப்பாய்ந் தான், he sprang like a tiger; காந்தளெனக் கைநீட்டி, extending her காந்தள்-like hand. --Note 4th. என and என்று are also used to express pre-eminence, &c.; இன்னதென் றில்லை, it is no matter which; ஆரென்றுநி னைத்தாய், who do you suppose I am? I am not to be treated thus, &c., உயிரென் றுபார்க்கவில்லை, he does not (or did not) regard even life; அவனுக்கின்னாரென்றில்லை, it is no matter to him who; குருவென் றுபேணுகின்றிலன், he does not respect even the guru; எவ்வளவென்றில்லை, it is no matter how much. 2. How much soever, how little soever. 3. It is illimitable, undefined, the quantity is unknown; வாய்வயிறென்றுபார்க்கிறதில்லை, he does not give himself time to eat.--Note 5th. என and என்று are also used with reiterative symbolic terms; மடம்டென்றொலித்த து, it sounded மட, மட; அடியடியென்றடித் தான், he beat him soundly; தலைதலையென்ற டித்துக்கொண்டான், he beat his head greatly through rage, grief, despair, &c.; lit. saying, 'Head, head;' வாய்வாயென்றடிக்க, to beat one's mouth greatly--in sorrow, despair, &c.; எறியெறியென்றெறிந்தான், he threw many times; lit. he threw, saying, 'Throw, throw.'--Note 6th. என and என்று, with a dative imply, designed or appointed for, sacred or devoted to, for the sake of, &c.; சுவாமிக்கென்றுநேர்ந் தது, it is vowed (devoted) to God; தன்பிள்ளைக்கென்றுவைத்துக்கொண்டான், he kept it for his child; எனக்கென்றெடுக்கமாட் டேன், I will not take it for myself-Note 7th. The subjunctive என்றால் joined to verbs or used when verbs are implied forms the subjunctive of those verbs.--Note 8th. The subjunctive என் னில், poetically, என்னின், if, is contracted into எனில் and எனின், and in classical usage to எல் and என்: உம் joined to those forms makes them though; they are added to other verbs or to nouns; ஓரடி யென்கிலும்நட, walk, if it be but one step. 40)

ē (p. 76) . One of the seven long vowels, நெட்டுயிரிலொன்று. 2. An arrow, அம்பு. 3. A particle of emphasis, &c., இடைச்சொல். In நன்னூல், it is said to have six different uses: 1. பிரிநிலை, a distinguishing particle-as அவனேசொன்னான், it was he who said it. In some cases, it would be used for self or selves in the plural where the connection demanded it--as he himself said it. 2. வினா, interrogative: அவனேகொண் டான், was it he that bought it? 3. எண், enumeration or copulative--as சாத்தனே கொற்றனே இருவரும்வந்தார், Sattan and Kottan both came; கடலே, கரையே, மரமே, மலரே, வளையே, இவ்வைந்து, the sea, the land, the tree, the flower, the conch, these five. 4. ஈற்றசை or அசைநிலை, a terminate expletive --as மல்லலோங்கெழில்யானைமருமம்பாய்ந்தொளித்த தே, (the weapon) lodged itself in the breast of the beautiful and powerful elephant. 5. தேற்றம், certainty, confidence, appeal, emphasis--as இதுள்ளதே, this is really true; முயற்குக்கோடில்லையே, the hare has no horns. 6. இசைநிறை, a poetic expletive for completing the metre--as ஏஏ இவ ளொருத்திபேடி, she is a hermaphrodite; பேடியோவென்றாரே, he said, is she an hermaphrodite? To these the commentator adds 7. எதிர்மறை, negative as implied by the tones and inflections of the speaker rather than expressed by the particle--as அவன்வந்தானே, he came, did he? implying he did not come. Another may also be given. 8. இகழ்ச்சி, an interjection of contempt--as எஏ--வைத்தியகாரா, oh, oh, (or fie, fie), thou stupid fellow. (p.) 5) *

ēẕai (p. 79) s. A poor, indigent person, a poor wretch, an object of pity, one that is helpless, &c., வறியன். 2. An ignorant person, one of weak intellects, and pitiable. அறிவிலான். 3. Simple, harmless, inoffensive person. பேதை. 4. A woman, பெண். The use of this word often shows pity in the speaker. ஏழைபேச்சுஅம்பலத்துக்கேறுமா. Will the entreaties of the poor be taken up in the assembly of the great? ஏழையழுத கண்ணீர் கூரியவாளொக்கும். The tears of the poor resemble sharp swords. ஏழைக்குறும்பு, s. Deceitful purposes concealed under the guise of poverty. ஏழைச்சனங்கள், s. Poor people. ஏழைத்தனம்--ஏழைத்தன்மை, s. Want of power, pusillanimity, a poor, pitiable state, எளிமை. ஏழைஎளியவர்கள், s. Poor, miserable people. ஏழைமை--ஏழமை, s. Ignorance, simplicity, அறியாமை. 2. Timidity, pusillanimity, want of fortitude and energy, powerlessness, cowardice, effeminacy, பேதமை. 3. Poverty, wretchedness, வறுமை. தோழனோடுமேழைமைபேசேல். Disclose not your defects even to your friend. ஏழைமைகாட்ட, inf. To be timid, fearful, yielding, effeminate, cowardly. 2. To pretend to be poor, to feign poverty. ஏழைமைத்தனம், s. Lowliness, meanness, poverty. ஏழைமைப்புத்தி, s. Ignorance, foolishness, want of discretion, prudence, &c., அறியாமையுள்ளபுத்தி. 75) *

kuṟippu (p. 132) s. Intention, wish, internal desire, அபிப்பிராயம். 2. Concord, ஒருமை. 3. Allusion, hint, intimation, indication; a significant look, word, &c., சைகை. 4. The occult and real meaning of a speaker or writer, in distinction from the apparent meaning; figurative expressions--as irony, &c., உட்கருத்து. 5. [in gram.] Implication; that which is implied or understood, metaphorical, metonymical, &c.--opposed to வெளிப்படை. 6. Mark, sign, signature, அடையாளம். 7. Memorandum, memanto, ஞாபகக்குறிப்பு. 8. Summary abstract, epitome, பொழிப்பு. 9. Description, representation, delineation; distinguishing marks or characteristics, காரியவிவரம். 1. Symbolic terms, constructions, short-hand writing, abbreviations, குறிப்புக்குறி. 11. Aim, direction; mark aimed at இலக்கு. 12. Sketch in painting, outlines, traces, உருவக்குறிப்பு; [ex குறி, intend, &c.] முகக்குறிப்பு, s. Expression of the countenance. குறிப்பறிய, inf. To know one's particular intention, wants, desires, &c.; to understand the special object intended; to possess a knowledge of physiognomy. குறிப்பாகச்சொல்ல, inf. To give descriptive marks, signs, or hints; to allude to, to intimate concerning. குறிப்பறிந்துகொடுக்க, inf. to anticipate a person's wants and supply them. குறிப்பாளி, s. One capable of drawing a right inference from apperances. 2. A person of quick discernment; a good counsellor; a genius. குறிப்பாய்க்கேட்க, inf. To inquire particularly into a thing. 2. To listen to, to hearken with attention. 3. To hear distinctly. குறிப்பானபார்வை, v. noun. A significant expression; a fixed or steadfast look. குறிப்பானபேச்சு, s. A figurative, or sareastic remark. 2. A hint. குறிப்பிடம், s. [among Romanists.] Images representing the sufferings of the Saviour, &c. 2. A summary, compendium; an epitome. குறிப்புக்கட்டை, s. A water-mark--as a post or block at a ford, in sign of danger from a hole or quick-sand. குறிப்புக்கண்டுநடக்க, inf. To act agreably to another's mind, ascertained by inference. குறிப்புக்காட்ட, inf. To give a hint, to intimate, allude to. 2. To represent by a symbol. 3. To exhibit signs, indication, symptoms, &c. குறிப்புக்குவைக்க, inf. To set or keep for a sign, token, memorandum--as images, statues, pictures, relies, &c. குறிப்பெழுத்து, s. Abbreviations, contractions, &c.--as the initials or finals of names, words, &c. 2. Any particular letter. குறிப்பெழுத, inf. To write notes, memorandums, characters, short-hand, &c. 2. To note down the date, hour, &c., of a child's birth. குறிப்பேடு, s. An ola-day-book, the items of which are transferred to the ledger or பேரேடு; a memorandum book. குறிப்போலை, s. An ola-memorandum, &c. 2. An ola-memorandum of the hour of a child's birth, so as to cast its nativity. குறிப்புப்பண்பு, s. [in gram.] Ideal, abstract qualities, properties or attributes--as ஞானம், பாவம், as distinguished from குணப்பண்பு, and தொழிற்பண்பு. குறிப்புச்சொல்--குறிப்புமொழி, s. [in gram.] Words or terms, used figuratively, metaphorically, &c. குறிப்புவினை, s. [in gram.] A symbolic verb, without variation of tense. See வினை. குறிப்பெச்சம், s. [in gram.] Ellipses in metonymical expressions, &c. குறிப்புவினையெச்சம், s. [in gram.] A symbolic verb in an incomplete form, being either a பெயரெச்சம் or வினையெச்சம். 2. Incomplete symbolic verbs terminating with other verbs. See வினை. குறிப்புவினைமுற்று, s. [in gram.] A finite symbolic verb --as மலையேன். குறிப்புவினையாலணையும்பெயர், s. A symbolic verb used as an appellative noun--as in இம்மலையேன். குறிப்புவினைப்பெயரெச்சம், s. A symbolic relative participle. 26)

kūṭu (p. 133) கிறேன், கூடினேன், வேன், கூட, v. n. To join with, to combine, coalesce, பொருந்த. 2. To collect or crowd together, to assemble; to congregate, convene muster, கூட்டங்கூட. 3. To associate or consort with one, சங்கர த்தஞ்செய்ய. 4. To unite, knit--as broken bones, பொருந்த. 5. To cohabit, கூடிவாழ. 6. To meet--as rivers in confluence, or as roads, சந்திக்க. 7. To become reconciled, pacified, conciliated, இணங்க. 8. To be able, be possible, practicable, attainable, இயல. 9. To be lawful, expedient, proper, decent, தகுதியாக. 1. To be fit, to be serviceable, to be suitable, பிரயோசனப்பட. 11. To become possessed of, to attain, அடைய. 12. To accumulate, to hoarded or stored up, தொகை சேர. 13. To come to pass, to be brought about, to be effected, சித்திக்க. 14. To be annexed, superadded, அதனமாய்ச்சேர. 15. To come in conjunction--as planets, &c., கிரகங் கள்கூட. 16. To commence, to take place, தொடங்க. 17. v. a. (சது.) To pursue, follow out; to seek, தேட. பன்றியோடுகூடியகன்றும்பீதின்னும். A calf in company with a swine will learn to devour filth; i. e. a man will conform to his associates. இதுஅவனாலேகூடும். He is able to do it. இனிஅவன்கூடான். Henceforth, he will be good-for-nothing. இதுகாரியத்துக்குக்கூடும். This will serve the purpose. நடுவழியிலேகூடினான். He met me in the middle of the road. கூடிப்பிரியேல். Break not (old) friendships. (Av.) அமாவாசைகூடிவிட்டது. [prov.] The time of new moon has already come. ஆளோடேகூடிவிட்டான். He has begun to come into society (from obscurity or boyhood). 2. He is convalescent; he is getting around. ஆகக்கூடியதொகை. The total amount. கூடிக்கொள்ள, inf. To band together; to form an association, to take part in, to side with. 2. To meet together, to assemble. 3. To exceed, surpass. 4. To gain strength and vigor. கூடிவர, inf. To accompany. 2. To prosper, succeed. கூடிநாடித்திரிய, inf. To associate or consort with one, to be on terms of close friendship. கூடாநட்பு, s. False friendship. கூடாவுவமை, s. [in rhet.] A simile in which the comparison is made with a thing having only a hypothetical existence, ஓர்உவமையலங்காரம். கூடாவொழுக்கம், s. Immoral conduct --as of anchorets who in secret break their vows. கூடல், v. noun. Approaching, assembling, &c.; seeking, uniting, cohabiting, being possible, &c.--as the verb கூடு. See also கூடல். s. கூடாமை, neg. [v. noun.] Impropriety, indecorum, பொருந்தாமை. 2. Inability, impossibility, impracticability. கூட்டரவு, v. noun. Collection, aggregate, series, பொருட்கூட்டம். 2. Crowd, association, combination. கூட, inf. [adverbially.] Together, in company, collecting together. 2. Even, also; often in composition with உம். 3. More than due, more than enough, too much; additionally. 4. part. With, together with. எல்லாருங்கூடவாருங்கள். Come all together. குருவுக்குக்கூடப்பயப்படான். He is not afraid even of his guru. அவன்வீட்டிலேதண்ணீர்கூடக்குடியார்கள்.... They will not drink even water in his house--said in disparagement. நான்கூடஅறியேன். I also know it. அவனுக்குக்கூடக்கொடுத்துப்போட்டீர். You have given him too much. ஐந்துரூபாய்கூடத்தந்தார். He gave five rupees in addition. என்கூடவா. Come with me. கூடிய--கூடின, rel. part. Practicable, possible, convenient, proper, &c. என்னாற்கூடியபணிவிடைக்குக்காத்திருக்கிறேன். I am ready to do any service in my power. கூடியமட்டும்--கூடியமாத்திரம். As far or as much as possible; as much as one is able; to the utmost. கூடும். It is possible, proper, fit, practicable, lawful, &c. கூடாது. It is impossible, impracticable, inconvenient, improper, unlawful, unfit, &c. 2. Note to be done--either as command or an entreaty--according to the manner and tone of the speaker. கால்கைகூடாது. My hands and feet are worn out; i. e. with hard work. என்னாற்கூடாது. I cannot; I will not. கூடாதகாரியம். An impossible thing. கூடலர்--கூடார், s. Enemies, foes, aliens, பகைவர். 26)

keṭi (p. 137) s. Fame, greatness, glory, கீர்த்தி. 2. Terror, fright, alarm, dread, பயம். 3. Jurisdiction, province, the limits of a ruler's authority, அதிபத்தியம். 4. (Rott.) A hill-fort, துருக்கம். கெடியடிபட, inf. To be famed--as a great man. 2. To be dreaded. கெடியன், s. A bold, undaunted person, அஞ்சாதவன். 2. A man of valor, who spreads terror, கெடிவீரன். 3. A clever, skilful, competent person; a powerful speaker, திறமுள்ளோன். கெடிகொள்ள, inf. To be overwhelmed with fear. கெடிபண்ண, inf. To meanace threaten, frighten. கெடிமண்ட, inf. To be frightened, terrified; to be overwhelmed with fear. கெடிகலங்க, inf. To be agitated with fear. கெடிஸ்தலம், s. A notorious place or town. மரணக்கெடி, s. Dread of death. 5)

kaimeykāṭṭ (p. 142) inf. To make gestures--as dancing girls, and other dancers. 2. To use much action--as a speaker, orator, &c. 33)