ēṟu (p. 79) கிறேன், ஏறினேன், வேன், ஏற. v. n. [also used with the impers. terminations.] To rise, rise--as the heavenly bodies-as a kite, &c.; to emerge, இவர. 2. To get upon, mount, to ride a horse, a vehicle, வாகனமேற. 3. To enter, to penetrate--as a nail, a probe, a thorn; as thoughts or advice into the mind, &c., தைக்க. 4. To embark, to get into a boat or vessel, to be laden--as cargo, கப்பலேற. 5. To be elevated, high, beyond, &c.; to exceed mediocrity, to be excessive, redundant, superfluous, உயர. 6. To exceed in number, weight, measure, to rise in price, quality, &c., தொகைமுதலியவதிகரிக்க. 7. To pervade, to be diffused through the blood--as poison, நஞ்சேற. ஏறுகாலிறங்குகால்பார்க்க. To trace the track of an animal up and down a hill, to or from the water, &c.--as a hunter. குதிரையேறிவந்தான். He came on horseback. பயிரேறிவிட்டது. The corn is grown up. சொன்னதுமனதிலேறவில்லை. It did not enter his mind, he did not take notice of what was said. மாவேறமலையேறும். Small sums make a large total, lit. mountains are formed from atoms. இந்தத்தோணியிலெவ்வளவேறும். What is the tonnage of this dhoney? ஏற. [inf. of ஏறு, used adverbially.] High, much more, exceeding, மிக. அரைப்படிக்கேறக்கொடு. Give me more than half a measure. இதேறப்பெறும். This is worth more. விலையேறப்பெற்றது. That which is obtained at a high price. 2. That which is valuable, precious. ஏறக்கட்ட, inf. To build up, to edify, உயரக்கட்ட. 2. To refuse selling that the price may be increased, தானிய மேறக்கட்ட. 3. To be restrained, or to withhold as the clouds from raining, or a cow from giving milk, மழைமுதலியபெய் யாதிருக்க. 4. [local.] To collect scattered grain in a heap, இறைந்ததானியத்தைக்கூட்டிச் சேர்க்க. வானம்மழையேறக்கட்டிவிட்டது. The heaven has withheld the rain. ஏறக்கட்டித்தூக்க, inf. To hang up a thing. 2. To hang one up by the hands--as a school boy, a slave, &c., in order to flog him. ஏறக்குறைய--ஏறத்தாழ, s. More or less, about right, nearly. ஏறக்குறையப்பேச. to insult, to abuse. நூறுபேருக்கேறக்குறைய. About one-hundred persons. ஏறச்செலவழிக்க, inf. To spend extravagantly. ஏறவாங்க, inf. To buy cheaper, நயமாகவாங்க. 2. to be drawn up, distorted--as the neck by cold, &c., கழுத்தேற வாங்க. ஏறவிட, inf. To keep off a vessel from shore, மரக்கலத்தைக்கரைக்குத்தூரவிட. 2. To keep near to the wind--as a vessel, காற்றுமுகமாய்விட. 3. To turn a vessel to the shore, கரைசேரவிட. ஏறவிட்டேணியைவாங்கினதுபோல். Like removing the ladder a person has ascended. ஏறவிறங்கப்பார்க்க, inf. To stare at one, to gaze at one from head to foot, கேசாதிபாதமீறாகப்பார்க்க. நடந்தேற, inf. To be accomplished, to succeed. கரையேற, inf. To land, disembark. 2. To attain the shores of final salvation. ஏறாங்கடைசி, s. [prop. ஏறுகடை.] The very end, அறமுடிவு. ஏறாமேடு, s. A height which one cannot reach, or to which water cannot rise, உயர்ந்தமேடு. 2. An enterprise above one's power, செய்யக்கூடாதகாரியம். 3. An inconvenient engagement, unsuitable contract, &c.--as an unequal marriage, ஒவ்வாமை-- in use, ஏறாங்கடை ஏறிக்கொள்ள, inf. To establish one's self in a high office, &c., to arrive at a high state or sanctity, or to attain a higher degree in religion. See நிலை or பாதம். சாதியிலேயேறிக்கொண்டான். [prov.] He has risen in caste by marrying in a higher family (spoken sarcastically). ஏறிட, inf. To stick into, to cause to enter, to pierce, புகப்பண்ண. 2. To place, set up, fix, ஏற்ற. வில்லைவளைத்துநாணேறிட்டு. Bending the bow and fixing on the bowstring. பருவிற்சலாகையையேறிட்டான். He introduced the probe into the sore. ஏறிட்டுப்பார்க்க, inf. To look up. 2. To attend to one when speaking. 3. To look or stare at a person. என்னையேறிட்டுப்பார்க்கவில்லை. He did not even cast a look at me, he took no notice of me. Amongst the Hindus it is not deemed respectful to look at a superior in the face; even when addressing him or receiving his directions. ஏறுகடை, s. The very end, the extremity, முடிவானகடை. ஏறுகுதிரை, s. A riding horse. ஏறுக்குமாறு--ஏறுமாறு, s. Improper, unruly, or vicious behavior, தாறுமாறு. ஏறுசலாகை, s. [prov.] In building, a large lath passing through the ends of rafters, கைமரங்கோக்குஞ்சலாகை. ஏறுதுறை, s. A port, place of embarkation, exportation, &c., துறைமுகம். ஏறுநெற்றி, s. A high forehead (regarded as a fortunate mark in a man, but unlucky in a female--as calculated to cause an untimely death to her husband), also a mark of a masculine, imperious and irrascible temper, அகன்ற நெற்றி. ஏறுபடி, s. An extra batta or allowance above the stated proportion, to a servant, for expenditure in the temple, for an entertainment, &c., அதிகப்படி. ஏறுபெட்டி, s. [prov.] A toddydrawer's basket for carrying toddy, கள் ளேறுபெட்டி. ஏறுபொழுது, s. The sun as it rises toward the meridian. ஏறுமிராசி, s. The constellation in the sun's path from the equator to the northern solstitial point, உச்சத்திற்கேறு மிராசி. See இறங்குமிராசி. ஏறுவட்டம், s. The difference, less or more than sixty Indian hours, in the passage of the moon through any of the asterisms, also the difference in the கர ணம் and யோகம் as affected thereby, நட் சத்திரமுதலியனநாழிகையேறுமுறை. 2. In the division of the inheritance of lands, trades, &c., the excess above or the deficiency in equal shares, பங்கினளவுக்கதிகமா னநிலமுதலியன. ஏறுவால், s. A long tail--a good sign in certain animals, நீண்டவால். பசுஏறுவாலுமெருதுகூழைவாலும். A long tail for a cow and a short one for a bull are desirable. ஏறுவெய்யில். Increasing heat or sunshine as the sun rises towards the meridian, காலைவெய்யில்--opp. இறங்குவெய் யில். ஏறெடுக்க, inf. To lift up the head, eyes, &c., மேலெடுக்க. 82)

eṉṉō (p. 76) . An exclamation of pity, இரக்கச்சொல். 2. Surprise, அதிசயவிரக்கச் சொல். 3. Doubt, ஐயக்கிளவி. 4. Contempt, இகழ்ச்சிக்குறிப்பு. See என். 10)

ēcṟu (p. 78) கிறேன், ஏசற்றேன், வேன், ஏசற, v. n. To regret, துக்கிக்க. (p.) எசறவு, v. noun. Regret, compunction on account of faults or misdeeds either one's own, or other's. 2. Repining at disappointment or unfair treatment, mortified feelings. 9)

ē (p. 76) . One of the seven long vowels, நெட்டுயிரிலொன்று. 2. An arrow, அம்பு. 3. A particle of emphasis, &c., இடைச்சொல். In நன்னூல், it is said to have six different uses: 1. பிரிநிலை, a distinguishing particle-as அவனேசொன்னான், it was he who said it. In some cases, it would be used for self or selves in the plural where the connection demanded it--as he himself said it. 2. வினா, interrogative: அவனேகொண் டான், was it he that bought it? 3. எண், enumeration or copulative--as சாத்தனே கொற்றனே இருவரும்வந்தார், Sattan and Kottan both came; கடலே, கரையே, மரமே, மலரே, வளையே, இவ்வைந்து, the sea, the land, the tree, the flower, the conch, these five. 4. ஈற்றசை or அசைநிலை, a terminate expletive --as மல்லலோங்கெழில்யானைமருமம்பாய்ந்தொளித்த தே, (the weapon) lodged itself in the breast of the beautiful and powerful elephant. 5. தேற்றம், certainty, confidence, appeal, emphasis--as இதுள்ளதே, this is really true; முயற்குக்கோடில்லையே, the hare has no horns. 6. இசைநிறை, a poetic expletive for completing the metre--as ஏஏ இவ ளொருத்திபேடி, she is a hermaphrodite; பேடியோவென்றாரே, he said, is she an hermaphrodite? To these the commentator adds 7. எதிர்மறை, negative as implied by the tones and inflections of the speaker rather than expressed by the particle--as அவன்வந்தானே, he came, did he? implying he did not come. Another may also be given. 8. இகழ்ச்சி, an interjection of contempt--as எஏ--வைத்தியகாரா, oh, oh, (or fie, fie), thou stupid fellow. (p.) 5) *

ēṟṟm (p. 79) s. Rise, ascent, acclivity, உயர்வு. 2. Superiority, excellence, pre-eminence, மேன்மை. 3. Fame, புகழ். 4. Excess, preponderance, மிகுதி. 5. Increase, பெருக் கம். 6. The flow of the tide, நீரேற்றம். 7. A lever or shaft for drawing water for irrigation, ஏற்றமரம். ஏற்றக்கால், s. The supporters of a beam for irrigation, துலாவைத்தாங்குங்கால். ஏற்றக்குறைச்சல்--ஏற்றத்தாழ்ச்சி, ஏற்றத்தாழ்வு, s. Superiority and inferiority, highness and lowness, உயர்வு தாழ்வு. 2. Disparity, difference, disagreement, that which is greater or smaller, &c., வேற்றுமை. ஏற்றக்கோல், s. A bamboo pole with which water is drawn from a well, ஏற்றக்கழி. ஏற்றச்சால், s. A bucket used for irrigation, நிரிறைக்குஞ்சால். ஏற்றமடல், s. The supporting timbers on which the well-sweep oscillates, being generally attached to a pillar which is fixed in the ground. ஏற்றமரம், s. The well-sweep, the picotta. 85)

ēẕai (p. 79) s. A poor, indigent person, a poor wretch, an object of pity, one that is helpless, &c., வறியன். 2. An ignorant person, one of weak intellects, and pitiable. அறிவிலான். 3. Simple, harmless, inoffensive person. பேதை. 4. A woman, பெண். The use of this word often shows pity in the speaker. ஏழைபேச்சுஅம்பலத்துக்கேறுமா. Will the entreaties of the poor be taken up in the assembly of the great? ஏழையழுத கண்ணீர் கூரியவாளொக்கும். The tears of the poor resemble sharp swords. ஏழைக்குறும்பு, s. Deceitful purposes concealed under the guise of poverty. ஏழைச்சனங்கள், s. Poor people. ஏழைத்தனம்--ஏழைத்தன்மை, s. Want of power, pusillanimity, a poor, pitiable state, எளிமை. ஏழைஎளியவர்கள், s. Poor, miserable people. ஏழைமை--ஏழமை, s. Ignorance, simplicity, அறியாமை. 2. Timidity, pusillanimity, want of fortitude and energy, powerlessness, cowardice, effeminacy, பேதமை. 3. Poverty, wretchedness, வறுமை. தோழனோடுமேழைமைபேசேல். Disclose not your defects even to your friend. ஏழைமைகாட்ட, inf. To be timid, fearful, yielding, effeminate, cowardly. 2. To pretend to be poor, to feign poverty. ஏழைமைத்தனம், s. Lowliness, meanness, poverty. ஏழைமைப்புத்தி, s. Ignorance, foolishness, want of discretion, prudence, &c., அறியாமையுள்ளபுத்தி. 75) *

ēkārttm (p. 77) s. Having one meaning, ஒரேயர்த்தம். 2. Having one or the same object, ஒரேநோக்கம். 3. [in numbers.] One and a half, ஒன்றரை; Wils. p. 172. EKARTHA. 44)

ēy (p. 79) க்கிறேன், த்தேன், ப்பேன், க்க, v. a. To resemble, to be like, be similar to, ஒப்பாயிருக்க. (p.) 2. To deceive, cheat, defraud, வஞ்சிக்க. முருந்தேய்க்குமுட்போலெயிற்றினாய். O thou whose teeth are like the points of quills and thorns. நின்முகமேய்க்குமதி. The moon that resembles your face-ஏய்ப்ப. The infinitive of ஏய், like, used as a particle of comparison, உவ மைச்சொல். (p.) முத்தேய்ப்பவொளிர்முறுவல். Teeth resplendent as pearls. ஏய்ப்பு, v. noun. Deceit, fraud, imposition, cheating, வஞ்சகம். ஏய்ப்புக்காட்ட, inf. To deceive, defraud, circumvent, to dupe. 43)

ēkkm (p. 78) v. noun. Fear, &c. See under ஏங்கு, v. 2)

ērampaṉ (p. 79) s. Ganesa, விநாயகன். Wils. p. 98. HERAMBA. (p.) 46)